Death of a salesman

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DEATH OF A SALESMAN

Willy Loman

Willly Loman is an elderly salesmen lost in false hopes and illusions. The sales firm he works for no longer pays him salary. Working on straight commission, Willy cannot bring home enough money to pay his bills. After thirty-four years with the firm, they have spent his energy and discarded him.

Willys sons, Biff and Happy, are also failures, but Willy doesnt want to believe this. He wants his sons, especially Biff, to succeed where he has not. He believes his boys are great and cannot understand why they are not successful. This is a major source of conflict throughout the play.




As Willy has grown older, he has trouble distinguishing between the past and present - between illusion and reality - and is often lost in flashbacks where much of the story is told. These flashbacks are generally during the summer after Biffs senior year of high school when all of the family problems began.

Willy has had an affair with a woman he meets on sales trips and once he was caught by Biff. Now, Biff does not respect Willy and they do not get along. Eventually Willy commits suicide so that Biff can have the insurance money to become successful with.

Linda Loman

Linda is Willys wife and is the arbiter of peace in the family. She is always trying to stand between Willy and her sons to ease the tension. She is protective of Willy. She knows that Willy is tired and is a man at the end of his rope - the end of his life and, as he put it, ringing up a zero. She wants him to be happy even when the reality of the situation is bad. Linda knows that Willy has been trying to commit suicide, but does not intervene in order not to embarrass him. She lets it continue because she is not one to cause trouble.

The play is divided into three main parts, Act I, Act II, and the Requiem. Each section takes place on a different day in present-day. Within Act I and Act II, the story is presented through the use of Willys flashbacks. This use of flashback is fundamental to the structure and understanding of the play. The story starts at present-day and Willy then lapses in and out of the past. Each flashback is somehow related to the present. Very often the contents of the flashback offer essential background knowledge for understanding why the present-day problems in the Loman family are occurring. For example, when Willy is thinking about Biff and Biffs problems, Willy is transported to the summer of Biffs senior year. Events from the past expose for the reader the situations that have led up to the present-day boiling point in the Loman household.

Throughout the play the Lomans in general cannot distinguish between reality and illusion, particularly Willy. This is a major theme and source of conflict in the play. Willy cannot see who he and his sons really are. He believes that they are great men who have what it takes to be successful and beat the business world. Unfortunately, he is mistaken. In reality, Willy and sons are not, and cannot, be successful.

Certain lines in the play point to this character flaw that is present in Willy, Happy, and (for a time) Biff. For example, Willy believes that to be well liked is the means to being successful. This is an illusion that Willy lives in. Also, on the literal level, Willy very often lapses into a flashback and appears to be reliving conversations and situations that occurred years ago. This itself is an inability to see reality.

This reality versus illusion problem eventually brings about Willys downfall. In the end, Willy believes that a man can be worth more dead than alive. Charlie, always the voice of reality tells Willy, A man isnt worth anything dead.

Willy is also unable to see change. He is lost in the modern era of technology. He says, How can they whip cheese? and is constantly In a race with the junkyard. Willy has lost at trying to live the American Dream, and the play can be viewed as a commentary to society. Willy was a man who was worked all his life by the machinery of Democracy and Free Enterprise and was then spit out mercilessly, spent like a piece of fruit.

There are a couple of obvious motifs in the play such as

The woods/jungle and diamonds Uncle Ben is the character who deals with the motif of the jungle (sometimes referred to by Willy as the woods) and diamonds. These motifs are symbols. The jungle is symbolic of life, and diamonds of success. As Willys life is crashing down around him, he says, The woods are burning! I cant drive a car! At the end of the play (and many other places as well) Uncle Ben refers to the jungle You must go into the jungle and fetch a diamond out.

And

The garden The idea of planting a garden is a major motif in the play. Willy is always discussing the idea of planting a garden, in Act I he says, The grass dont grow anymore, you cant raise a carrot in the backyard. At the end of the play, one of his last acts in life is his futile attempt at planting seeds in the backyard of his fenced-in house. The garden is symbolic of Willy needing to leave something behind for people to remember him by. Something that people will think about and remember him as a great man. Willy never achieved success in life, and he also never planted his garden. (He does in the end of the play, but it is assumed that will not grow.)

And to sum up the play. There is something magical and sometimes overpowering to the majority of mankind It is the thing that allows people to live in mansions with beautiful views, when the people in the underground society is forced to live in the many tunnels and passageways under New York City and to beg for their meals. Although this is definitely the extremes that I have described. It is sometimes indescribably cruel and other times very gracious. This thing that I write about is the American system. In Arthur Millers moving and powerful play, Death of a Salesman, Miller uses many characters to contrast the difference between success and failure within the system. Willy is the dreamy salesman whose imagination is much larger than his sales ability, while Linda is Willys wife who stands by her husband even in his absence of realism. Biff and Happy are the two blind mice who follows in their fathers fallacy of life, while Ben is the only member of the Loman family with that “special something” needed to achieve. Charlie and his son Bernard, on the other hand, enjoy better success in life compared to the Lomans. Old friends and family, love and hate and with different understanding of life and different destinies.

He had the wrong dreams. All, all wrong. Biff



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