We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like farinhight 451 price of progress even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like farinhight 451 price of progress in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
As time in society goes on, less and less people think. Just like in Fahrenheit 451, people have more things done for them and stray further and further from their imagination. Today technology, mass media and education show some points of how people think less. Technology can be life giving and yet disrupting to all. That is not the only thing this essay is about however. Another point is very few students really question how accurate the textbooks are, how some governments might have tainted historic books to sensor their wrongdoings or failures. Anther thing is how mass media can be corrupting. Their have been occurrences where mass media only will tell only half-truth or do things just things to catch the reader’s eye. There have even been times were mass media can go as far is to tell a complete lie, just for ratings. If society continues in this path with mass media, technology and much further in education, life could end up just how it is in the novel Fahrenheit 451.
Today’s technology can be life giving and disruptive to all. For instance in society today, many people lack the healthy imagination a five your old has. Many people now need TV or a video game to keep them entertained, and then people look to more TV for more entertainment. This parallel to Fahrenheit 451 in the way, how Mildred, and people like Mildred, don’t realize what goes on in the real world. All the people like Mildred just watch the parlor walls mindlessly for their entertainment. In once occurrence where Mildred could not watch “the family’, a TV show, she went panicky almost insane. This shows anther point of how to much technology can make someone dependent. That is one of the down falls of technology, although there are many good parts to technology as well.
One of the good parts of technology today would be medical advancement’s. In to day’s society we have fewer diseases, and less people getting sick. This is possible thanks to the galore of technology. With technologies help we have vaccines for many viruses to protected human life, and we have developed things to make sure thing are as least painful as possible. We also have doctors take an oath to make sure that doctors help the sick and wounded. This in some ways parallels Fahrenheit 451. In Fahrenheit 451 they have further developed medical advancements, such as people no longer get sick. They have also come up with ways to get rid of handicaps. They have made it so everyone can walk everyone can see hear, and walk. That is some of the goods in Fahrenheit 451. Although there are many goods in that society there are a few flaws. One of these flaws is that they no long use paramedics, they just use handymen with machines to help people, which sounds good but could lead to serious problems, for instance if the person who called in the accident said the wrong thing... As you can see there are also Wrongs to that method of thinking. As that shows there are much goods and bads medical and technological advancement in Fahrenheit 451 and in life.
Mass Media will sometimes tells a story from the outside. Or not even the outside at all, there have been occurrence where they just fill in gaps between the little parts of the story they know. A wile a go there was one of these accuracies. In a class a bit a go, one of the teachers was angry that day because her friends kid died or something, and then the news just went and interview someone on the block who did not even know the family, because family and friends of the kid would not talk about the him. This reminds me of in Fahrenheit 451 in the chase of Montag. Where after about 10 minuets in the chase of Montag, the media just made up Montages death to keep the viewers happy and existed, in that they just filled in the gaps in the story because they did not know the hole story of what happened to Montag. This is not the only then that hey have done in Fahrenheit 451 to try and keep people entertained. In their society they stop reporting things, like death, that where common, all they reported on was something to get better ratings, even with a war going on above there heads. This again parallels with are society, like with the war in Iraq, they just reported on it for like -4 weeks then just stopped reporting on the war. After it became old news and the major fighting was over, they just kind of dropped the topic for the most part. Things that happened in mass media can sometimes flow over to an education system.
Today’s education is fairly good. One nice thing is that u don’t go to the school all day long, like in someplace. Although from what I understand collage is kind of like the schools in Fahrenheit 451, in the way that u just go and they lecture you. But in thankfully u still have teachers and u can request their help (I think). In society today, textbooks are different in different countries. This is because of different languages but also can because of the government. One example of governments changing textbooks to show less of the wrongdoing or failures is in Japan they barley talk to about the bombing of Pearl Harbor, and in the US it is one of the most prominent topics. That is one example of how a government will understate the importance of an event. This parallels Fahrenheit 451 because the government has changed their textbooks to fit their needs. Anther thing is there are no longer teachers, there are only video recorded. They just sit up there and lecture you, like in a collage. You find this out form chase when she says something along this like ‘they just cram u in their 50 people in a room and u lesson to the computer’s lesson’. In that case they don’t explain anything or have questions so after a wile people will just take it for fact even if it a false statement. That shows one of the ways a government could or have tainted knowledge.
If things continue like how they are going we might just end up with a society the one in Fahrenheit 451. This paper showed some of the points of how the progress can help and yet take a devastating toll. It shows how it can lead to mindlessness. Form this paper you can see how the world could lead to total mindlessness like in the book Fahrenheit 451.
Mind that the sample papers like farinhight 451 price of progress presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Monday 22 October 2012
Could The Crucible Happen Again
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Could The Crucible Happen Again even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Could The Crucible Happen Again in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is a historical novel that details how hysteria overwhelms the small devout town of Salem, Massachusetts after local girls are caught performing a pagan ritual. Knowing that this act could incur death in their pious community, these girls accuse their fellow town members of being witches to convince others that they have forsaken the devil and have returned to the Lord. Miller uses the Salem witch-hunt to demonstrate the devastating effects of paranoia. During the Salem witch trials, this paranoia eventually led to the death of 7 innocent people (“Salem,” par. ) as rational citizens under the influence of the pervasive fear ignored the injustices being committed. History has shown that given the right atmosphere, any spark could set off a chain reaction much like that described in The Crucible.
The atmosphere of the fanatically religious town of Salem was a breeding ground for fear and suspicion. The minister, Parris, “[preaches] only hellfire and bloody damnation” (Miller 8), encouraging a constantly apprehensive attitude towards God’s power. Also, the citizens of the town recently had to endure a smallpox epidemic and are under a constant threat of Native American assaults, denying them a sense of physical security (“Salem,” par. ). This persistent apprehension explodes into hysteria as the girls’ accusations transform the supernatural into a tangible threat. Trials are held to try the accused but even as it becomes evident that the trials are based on faulty evidence and logic, no one questions the validity of the proceedings, because they fear that if they do, they will be labeled as a witch. When a local townsman, Francis Nurse, presents a petition protesting the imprisonment of two of the prisoners, the court summons all the petitioners for questioning (Miller 4). The fear of being associated with the supernatural compelled many to accept the blatantly faulty proceedings and allowed the trials to spiral out of control, eventually taking 7 lives. Therefore, the pervasive terror of external forces, such as disease and God, allowed for the hysteria but the fear of one another caused the hysteria to linger, inflicting even more damage. Had there not been an atmosphere filled with insecurity, the events in Salem could never have ballooned to such proportions. This fear is an innate human characteristic that causes events such as these to repeat throughout the course of history.
During the McCarthy Era of the 150’s, the mood of the United States was extremely similar to that of Salem, Massachusetts, making it especially susceptible to similar problems. To the Americas, the spread of communism after World War II seemed be a direct attack on their democratic and capitalistic ideals. Paranoia of communist spies and sympathizers who threatened the United States ran high among the American public. Like the town members of Salem, the American people were extremely uneasy and only needed a catalyst to set off a mass hysteria. This catalyst came in the form of Senator McCarthy, who wielded the fear of the American people into an awesome political weapon that damaged the careers of hundreds and silenced the voices of many more. “A simple sentence of his could be enough to ruin a mans career” (”Friedman,” par. ). Like the Salem witch trials, protestors to McCarthy policies were labeled as communist and blacklisted from their industry, which quelled opposition and allowed McCarthy free reign over the American public. Experts have estimated that as many as ten thousand people may have lost their jobs as a result of the McCarthy proceedings (“Impact,” par. 1). The same pattern of events from The Crucible repeats itself during the McCarthy Era, demonstrating the inevitability of another hysterical scare. Fear is a human nature that is a constant in every culture.
The plot of The Crucible parallels the recent events after the /11 terrorist attacks. The American people were plunged into a state of fear from not only terrorism but also a faltering economy (“Johnson,” pg -6), depriving them of both physical and economic security, respectively. This atmosphere of panic allowed the government to abuse individual rights through the judicial system and such legislation as the USA PATRIOT Act. Just as courts of The Crucible era judged trials on the flimsiest of evidence, modern courts are making a mockery of the right to due process. Simply by declaring and individual as an “enemy combatant,” the military can deny these detainees the rights of due process, including the right to a lawyer (“Jackman,” par. 1). Legislation such as the USA PATRIOT Act blurs the line between terrorism and dissent, and threatens to undermine the civil liberties and ideals of the American democracy. One of the provisions of this act gives the attorney general the power to detain immigrants indefinitely without trial, which is an utter mockery of democracy (“PATRIOT,” par. ). Few prominent figures are willing to protest these unjustified actions, as they are afraid of being labeled as unpatriotic and the government has already censured some who have spoken out, such as Tim Robbins and Susan Sarandon. (“Jezer,” par. 11). Thus, even in the present day, an environment permeated by fear can lead to the injustices and hysteria seen in The Crucible and the McCarthy Era.
The McCarthy Era and the present post /11 period show that the events of The Crucible can occur again. Paranoia and hysteria is an innate human flaw that will reappear in history. Whenever the atmosphere is saturated with fear and there is a catalyst that can set off this fear, it is most likely that the events of The Crucible will repeat.
Works Cited
Friedman, Jesse. The Fight for America Senator Joe McCarthy. 1 Jun. 00. 0 Nov. 00 http//www.mccarthy.cjb.net/.
The Impact of McCarthyism. Ed. Ellen Schrecker. 15. 0 Nov. 00. http//cla.calpoly.edu/~mrarnold/classes/Multicultural/mccarthy.html.
Jackman, Tom, and Eggen, Dan. Combatants Lack Rights, U.S. Argues. Washington Post 0 Jun. 00. 1 Nov. 00 http//www.washingtonpost.com/ac/wp-dyn/A140-00Jun1?language=printer.
Jezer, Marty. McCarthyisms Revival Chicken Little Journalism. May. 00. 0 Nov. 00 http//www.informationclearinghouse.info/article.htm.
Johnson, Alex. 00 A year on the edge. 1 Dec. 00. MSNBC. 1 Nov. 00 http//www.msnbc.com/news/85015.asp?cp1=1.
Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York Pengiun Group, 176.
Salem Witch Museum Education - Salem, Massachusetts. 0 Nov. 00. 0 Nov. 00 http//www.salemwitchmuseum.com/learn.html.
USA PATRIOT Act. 0 Nov. 00. Wikipedia. 0 Nov. 00 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_PATRIOT_Act.
Works Consulted
Rosen, Ruth. ROSEN Could it Happen Again?. San Franciso Chronicle 1 May. 00. 1 Nov. 00 http//www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=15877.
Mind that the sample papers like Could The Crucible Happen Again presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
The Crucible, by Arthur Miller, is a historical novel that details how hysteria overwhelms the small devout town of Salem, Massachusetts after local girls are caught performing a pagan ritual. Knowing that this act could incur death in their pious community, these girls accuse their fellow town members of being witches to convince others that they have forsaken the devil and have returned to the Lord. Miller uses the Salem witch-hunt to demonstrate the devastating effects of paranoia. During the Salem witch trials, this paranoia eventually led to the death of 7 innocent people (“Salem,” par. ) as rational citizens under the influence of the pervasive fear ignored the injustices being committed. History has shown that given the right atmosphere, any spark could set off a chain reaction much like that described in The Crucible.
The atmosphere of the fanatically religious town of Salem was a breeding ground for fear and suspicion. The minister, Parris, “[preaches] only hellfire and bloody damnation” (Miller 8), encouraging a constantly apprehensive attitude towards God’s power. Also, the citizens of the town recently had to endure a smallpox epidemic and are under a constant threat of Native American assaults, denying them a sense of physical security (“Salem,” par. ). This persistent apprehension explodes into hysteria as the girls’ accusations transform the supernatural into a tangible threat. Trials are held to try the accused but even as it becomes evident that the trials are based on faulty evidence and logic, no one questions the validity of the proceedings, because they fear that if they do, they will be labeled as a witch. When a local townsman, Francis Nurse, presents a petition protesting the imprisonment of two of the prisoners, the court summons all the petitioners for questioning (Miller 4). The fear of being associated with the supernatural compelled many to accept the blatantly faulty proceedings and allowed the trials to spiral out of control, eventually taking 7 lives. Therefore, the pervasive terror of external forces, such as disease and God, allowed for the hysteria but the fear of one another caused the hysteria to linger, inflicting even more damage. Had there not been an atmosphere filled with insecurity, the events in Salem could never have ballooned to such proportions. This fear is an innate human characteristic that causes events such as these to repeat throughout the course of history.
During the McCarthy Era of the 150’s, the mood of the United States was extremely similar to that of Salem, Massachusetts, making it especially susceptible to similar problems. To the Americas, the spread of communism after World War II seemed be a direct attack on their democratic and capitalistic ideals. Paranoia of communist spies and sympathizers who threatened the United States ran high among the American public. Like the town members of Salem, the American people were extremely uneasy and only needed a catalyst to set off a mass hysteria. This catalyst came in the form of Senator McCarthy, who wielded the fear of the American people into an awesome political weapon that damaged the careers of hundreds and silenced the voices of many more. “A simple sentence of his could be enough to ruin a mans career” (”Friedman,” par. ). Like the Salem witch trials, protestors to McCarthy policies were labeled as communist and blacklisted from their industry, which quelled opposition and allowed McCarthy free reign over the American public. Experts have estimated that as many as ten thousand people may have lost their jobs as a result of the McCarthy proceedings (“Impact,” par. 1). The same pattern of events from The Crucible repeats itself during the McCarthy Era, demonstrating the inevitability of another hysterical scare. Fear is a human nature that is a constant in every culture.
The plot of The Crucible parallels the recent events after the /11 terrorist attacks. The American people were plunged into a state of fear from not only terrorism but also a faltering economy (“Johnson,” pg -6), depriving them of both physical and economic security, respectively. This atmosphere of panic allowed the government to abuse individual rights through the judicial system and such legislation as the USA PATRIOT Act. Just as courts of The Crucible era judged trials on the flimsiest of evidence, modern courts are making a mockery of the right to due process. Simply by declaring and individual as an “enemy combatant,” the military can deny these detainees the rights of due process, including the right to a lawyer (“Jackman,” par. 1). Legislation such as the USA PATRIOT Act blurs the line between terrorism and dissent, and threatens to undermine the civil liberties and ideals of the American democracy. One of the provisions of this act gives the attorney general the power to detain immigrants indefinitely without trial, which is an utter mockery of democracy (“PATRIOT,” par. ). Few prominent figures are willing to protest these unjustified actions, as they are afraid of being labeled as unpatriotic and the government has already censured some who have spoken out, such as Tim Robbins and Susan Sarandon. (“Jezer,” par. 11). Thus, even in the present day, an environment permeated by fear can lead to the injustices and hysteria seen in The Crucible and the McCarthy Era.
The McCarthy Era and the present post /11 period show that the events of The Crucible can occur again. Paranoia and hysteria is an innate human flaw that will reappear in history. Whenever the atmosphere is saturated with fear and there is a catalyst that can set off this fear, it is most likely that the events of The Crucible will repeat.
Works Cited
Friedman, Jesse. The Fight for America Senator Joe McCarthy. 1 Jun. 00. 0 Nov. 00 http//www.mccarthy.cjb.net/.
The Impact of McCarthyism. Ed. Ellen Schrecker. 15. 0 Nov. 00. http//cla.calpoly.edu/~mrarnold/classes/Multicultural/mccarthy.html.
Jackman, Tom, and Eggen, Dan. Combatants Lack Rights, U.S. Argues. Washington Post 0 Jun. 00. 1 Nov. 00 http//www.washingtonpost.com/ac/wp-dyn/A140-00Jun1?language=printer.
Jezer, Marty. McCarthyisms Revival Chicken Little Journalism. May. 00. 0 Nov. 00 http//www.informationclearinghouse.info/article.htm.
Johnson, Alex. 00 A year on the edge. 1 Dec. 00. MSNBC. 1 Nov. 00 http//www.msnbc.com/news/85015.asp?cp1=1.
Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. New York Pengiun Group, 176.
Salem Witch Museum Education - Salem, Massachusetts. 0 Nov. 00. 0 Nov. 00 http//www.salemwitchmuseum.com/learn.html.
USA PATRIOT Act. 0 Nov. 00. Wikipedia. 0 Nov. 00 http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA_PATRIOT_Act.
Works Consulted
Rosen, Ruth. ROSEN Could it Happen Again?. San Franciso Chronicle 1 May. 00. 1 Nov. 00 http//www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=15877.
Mind that the sample papers like Could The Crucible Happen Again presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Bad Drivers
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Bad Drivers even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Bad Drivers in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
People have varying skills when it comes to driving, but many fit into one of two major categories the good drivers and the bad drivers. Good drivers are courteous on the road, obey the traffic laws, and are not easily distracted while driving. A good driver will wave another motorist by when they both pull up to a four-way stop at the same time. They will not excessively speed, but they will not drive slower than the flow of traffic so they do not congest traffic. Also, a good driver will not easily be distracted by people talking, by the radio, or by sight-seeing and will instead remain focused on the road. Bad drivers, on the other hand, usually do not posses many of the qualities a good driver has and are often a danger to pedestrians and other motorists. Bad drivers and the dangers they pose can be classified into three major categories disrespectful, unfocused, and people who drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
First, there are the drivers who have no respect for other motorists or for the law. These are the bad drivers that one encounters most often. These drivers are usually very dangerous because they have short tempers and are not afraid to get a little reckless on the road. These drivers weave in and out of heavy traffic at insane speeds, cutting people off with no regard for the law. These drivers get furious when they get honked at for pulling out in front of, or cutting someone off which. Drivers that pull out in front of people, speed insanely through heavy traffic, run stop signs, yell obscenities at other people while driving, and ride too close to the rear of other motorists all have a lack of respect for other people. If someone is driving in this manner, the best thing to do is to get as far away as possible and ignore the bad driver, if they are really bad, then someone needs call in their tags to the local police or highway patrol.
Another dangerous type of driver is someone who is easily distracted. This usually means people who are talking on cell phones while driving 100 miles per hour in the middle of the road because they are too busy talking to pay attention to the road. Drivers can be distracted in many ways and it is when they are distracted that an accident happens. They may have had a bad day at work and could be thinking about their job. They could be sight-seeing, playing with the radio, talking with people in the backseat and continually looking back at them. There are many situations when someone is distracted for a few seconds that other people’s lives are put in danger. Drivers that are easily distracted often run stop signs, veer off into other people’s lane, and rear end people. My girlfriend was rear-ended by someone who was not paying attention while driving. The driver did not notice the light had turned red and my girlfriend was stopped waiting when she plowed into the rear of my girlfriends’ car. Luckily, no one was hurt, but it had the potential to be a very devastating accident.
The last major group of bad drivers, and most dangerous, are people who drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Not only is driving under the influence dangerous, but it is extremely illegal. No matter how cautious and law abiding people are when driving, they become a bad driver when they choose to drive under the influence of a controlled substance. Drunk drivers often have a hard time concentrating and staying awake, which makes them very dangerous to other drivers. Motorists under the influence of drugs or alcohol usually have bad reaction times, which means that if someone pulls out in front of them, then by the time they slam on their brakes it is probably too late. When I was younger, a drunk driver killed one of my close friends and critically injured his mother. They were driving back from a baseball game and it was very late. A drunk driver crossed into their lane and collided with them head on. The driver of the other vehicle only had a few bumps and bruises but ended up serving four years in jail. Anyone who puts other people’s lives in danger while driving is a bad driver, especially if they are under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
Bad drivers come in many forms and of all ages and sexes. A bad driver may be that 16-year old girl who just got her license or that 5-year old man who has been driving over thirty years. The best way to keep safe on the road is to be aware of the surroundings. While on the road there are many unavoidable dangers that can arise. To cut down on the chance of people being put in dangerous situations, motorists must obey traffic laws. Everyone needs to be aware of the different type of bad drivers to remain safe on the road. Remember, bad drivers and the dangers they pose can be classified into three major categories disrespectful, unfocused, and people who drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
Mind that the sample papers like Bad Drivers presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
People have varying skills when it comes to driving, but many fit into one of two major categories the good drivers and the bad drivers. Good drivers are courteous on the road, obey the traffic laws, and are not easily distracted while driving. A good driver will wave another motorist by when they both pull up to a four-way stop at the same time. They will not excessively speed, but they will not drive slower than the flow of traffic so they do not congest traffic. Also, a good driver will not easily be distracted by people talking, by the radio, or by sight-seeing and will instead remain focused on the road. Bad drivers, on the other hand, usually do not posses many of the qualities a good driver has and are often a danger to pedestrians and other motorists. Bad drivers and the dangers they pose can be classified into three major categories disrespectful, unfocused, and people who drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
First, there are the drivers who have no respect for other motorists or for the law. These are the bad drivers that one encounters most often. These drivers are usually very dangerous because they have short tempers and are not afraid to get a little reckless on the road. These drivers weave in and out of heavy traffic at insane speeds, cutting people off with no regard for the law. These drivers get furious when they get honked at for pulling out in front of, or cutting someone off which. Drivers that pull out in front of people, speed insanely through heavy traffic, run stop signs, yell obscenities at other people while driving, and ride too close to the rear of other motorists all have a lack of respect for other people. If someone is driving in this manner, the best thing to do is to get as far away as possible and ignore the bad driver, if they are really bad, then someone needs call in their tags to the local police or highway patrol.
Another dangerous type of driver is someone who is easily distracted. This usually means people who are talking on cell phones while driving 100 miles per hour in the middle of the road because they are too busy talking to pay attention to the road. Drivers can be distracted in many ways and it is when they are distracted that an accident happens. They may have had a bad day at work and could be thinking about their job. They could be sight-seeing, playing with the radio, talking with people in the backseat and continually looking back at them. There are many situations when someone is distracted for a few seconds that other people’s lives are put in danger. Drivers that are easily distracted often run stop signs, veer off into other people’s lane, and rear end people. My girlfriend was rear-ended by someone who was not paying attention while driving. The driver did not notice the light had turned red and my girlfriend was stopped waiting when she plowed into the rear of my girlfriends’ car. Luckily, no one was hurt, but it had the potential to be a very devastating accident.
The last major group of bad drivers, and most dangerous, are people who drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs. Not only is driving under the influence dangerous, but it is extremely illegal. No matter how cautious and law abiding people are when driving, they become a bad driver when they choose to drive under the influence of a controlled substance. Drunk drivers often have a hard time concentrating and staying awake, which makes them very dangerous to other drivers. Motorists under the influence of drugs or alcohol usually have bad reaction times, which means that if someone pulls out in front of them, then by the time they slam on their brakes it is probably too late. When I was younger, a drunk driver killed one of my close friends and critically injured his mother. They were driving back from a baseball game and it was very late. A drunk driver crossed into their lane and collided with them head on. The driver of the other vehicle only had a few bumps and bruises but ended up serving four years in jail. Anyone who puts other people’s lives in danger while driving is a bad driver, especially if they are under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
Bad drivers come in many forms and of all ages and sexes. A bad driver may be that 16-year old girl who just got her license or that 5-year old man who has been driving over thirty years. The best way to keep safe on the road is to be aware of the surroundings. While on the road there are many unavoidable dangers that can arise. To cut down on the chance of people being put in dangerous situations, motorists must obey traffic laws. Everyone needs to be aware of the different type of bad drivers to remain safe on the road. Remember, bad drivers and the dangers they pose can be classified into three major categories disrespectful, unfocused, and people who drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs.
Mind that the sample papers like Bad Drivers presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Analysis of Shakespeare's Sonnet #18
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Analysis of Shakespeare's Sonnet #18 even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Analysis of Shakespeare's Sonnet #18 in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Sonnet 18 is part of a large group of sonnets that Shakespeare wrote addressing a man of great beauty. Shakespeare, in sonnet 18, uses descriptions of nature, and the power and images that they imply, and directly compares them to the power the young man possesses in his youth, vigor, and promise. Shakespeare then finds that the beauty and power of nature do not compare to the beauty and power of the young man. He uses his poem as a way to provide the youth with an eternal existence and subsequently makes it evident that Shakespeare sees the young man as more than a human, he sees him as a god.
In the first quatrain Shakespeare begins his comparison between the young man and nature by comparing the young man to a summer’s day. The image suggests illumination, brilliance, light, life, and all things associated with the sun as the source of all these things. Shakespeare feels the same way about the young man; he is in his prime, in his glory, full of life and beautiful. He is idealized by Shakespeare in this description. It is interesting to note that the first line is in the form of a question. Shakespeare at this point, realizes that he’s made a mistake in his comparison. “Thou art more lovely and more temperate.” (Line ) He knows that his language and comparison are inadequate in trying to express the way he feels. He knows that comparing the youth to a summer’s day does not do justice to the feelings he has for him. The youth is more perfect than the beauty of a summer’s day. The man is more temperate--- he is gentler, more constant, and more controlled. He is safely more reliant than a summer’s day. Shakespeare questions the idea of the man being as gorgeous as a summer’s day and then ups the ante by saying the youth is more impressive. This is a great compliment and establishes that the feelings that Shakespeare has for the young man far transcend those of friendship or admiration. His feelings for the youth are that of love.
The following lines offer explanations of why the comparison to a summer’s day is not good enough. Shakespeare begins to show all of summer’s imperfections, beginning with the example that rough winds come in May and disturb the darling flowers. May is a time in the year when the weather starts to warm up and flowers are in full bloom--- the very beginning of summer. Shakespeare again uses a force of nature when he speaks of the wind. The image suggested is that of the hot wind of May coming and blowing petals off of the beautiful flowers. In contrast, the wind may be a metaphor for problems and obstacles in life and how the young man is not affected by opposition--- that he cannot be shaken. “Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May...” () The summer may have imperfections but the youth, by Shakespeare’s belief, does not. This seems contradictory, as the fact is that the youth is a human and all human beings are imperfect. Shakespeare is happily blinded by his love. In his eyes, the youth can do no wrong and he has no negative attributes. Like any person in love, Shakespeare puts the youth on a great pedestal. This again is an affirmation of the love that Shakespeare feels for the man.
Shakespeare continues in his explanation of the inadequacy of summer. It may be beautiful at times, but it is important to realize that it only lasts for a period of time during the year--- “And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. (4). This comparison implies that the youth’s beauty lasts all year long; there is no limit on it and there is no time clock ticking to end it. The issue of time is one of great importance in this poem. Shakespeare feels as though the youth is not subject to time or age. Summer’s glory and beauty may end, but the youth’s will not. His denial of the mortality of the youth proves that he does not see him as human, but as something greater.
Shakespeare expresses that the sun shines too much some days and it is too hot. Other days the sun’s face is hidden by clouds and it is overcast. His personification of the sun lends a hand to comparison. The sun is too hot, but the youth is, as before, temperate. The sun’s golden complexion may be hidden by clouds but the youth’s beauty and golden complexion are never hindered or hidden. There is great power in the comparison of the youth to the sun. Shakespeare believes that all the power the sun possesses, brilliance, heat, color, blindness, and life are nothing compared to the power and perfection of the young man. This belief again provides affirmation that like a God, the young man is greater than the source of light and life on earth.
“And every fair from fair sometimes declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed” (7-8) By saying that every fair from fair declines, Shakespeare is saying that every beautiful thing, at some point, grows less and less beautiful and that it reaches the point when it can never be as beautiful as when it first came into being. All beautiful things will fall from perfection. Like summer, beauty has a time limit on it. This is not the case with the young man. His beauty will never dim, nor wilt like the flowers in the wind, nor lessen, nor be covered like the sun may be. He will always retain the state of perfection. Absolute perfection is another quality that makes the youth like a God.
The next line shows that beauty flails because of chance accidents or by the fluctuation of nature’s course. This again ties in to the idea that a summer’s day is unpredictable and subject to change. This again is not true for the youth. The youth is temperate and his perfection is untouchable. He is steadfast and reliable. He is immune from accidents or fluctuation. He is again, perfection.
At this point Shakespeare has finished explaining how summer is an inadequate comparison to the youth and begins to explain his promise to the youth. “But thy eternal summer shall not fade…” The eternal summer represents the eternity of the youth’s perfection. The eternal summer won’t ever fade and it will never lose its original beauty. This again affirms that the youth is not subject to time. He is immortal. He is God-like.
Shakespeare finally declares that the reason that the youth will always be immortal and in perfect state is death has no power over him. “Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade...” (11) Unlike Death’s eventual victory over every living thing, it will not have any affect on the youth. The reason for this being that the youth, in all his glory, will always and forever be captured in Shakespeare’s verse and because of these lines, the youth will remain immortal and will grow as time grows.
“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this give life to thee.” (1-14) This final part of Shakespeare’s promise to the youth explains that as long as man inhabits the earth, the verse will always exist, and because of the existence of the verse, the youth will live on forever in the words. His image and beauty will always be captured in time and because it is captured, he will remain immortal. The verse gives the youth a means for immortality and eternal existence because it transcends the time barrier. He is a god.
Through the intensity of the emotion of love that Shakespeare is able to express in his writing it is proven that he viewed the youth as godlike. He idealizes the young man by the description of his beauty. His writing is motivated by the love that he feels for the youth. He explains the youth’s perfection by comparing and contrasting the youth to a summer’s day. He explains that a summer’s day is as inadequate a comparison, as the language he uses is in his attempt to express all he feels for the youth. Through the verse and his use of symbolism and personification of aspects of nature, and of the youth, Shakespeare is able to fully utilize this comparison by morphs the youth into the “endless summer,” an ideal without flaw or imperfection. He shows admiration and adoration for the youth by denying the man have any faults. Shakespeare explains that the youth, unlike summer, is immune to time and aging and the fading of beauty, and therefore makes him immortal. He provides means for immortality and eternity though the verse he writes because the youth will still exist on paper, even after the youth is no longer part of the physical world. Shakespeare catapults the man into a creature of perfection, beauty, endless youth, immortality, and because of all these attributes, he is a god in his own right.
Mind that the sample papers like Analysis of Shakespeare's Sonnet #18 presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Sonnet 18 is part of a large group of sonnets that Shakespeare wrote addressing a man of great beauty. Shakespeare, in sonnet 18, uses descriptions of nature, and the power and images that they imply, and directly compares them to the power the young man possesses in his youth, vigor, and promise. Shakespeare then finds that the beauty and power of nature do not compare to the beauty and power of the young man. He uses his poem as a way to provide the youth with an eternal existence and subsequently makes it evident that Shakespeare sees the young man as more than a human, he sees him as a god.
In the first quatrain Shakespeare begins his comparison between the young man and nature by comparing the young man to a summer’s day. The image suggests illumination, brilliance, light, life, and all things associated with the sun as the source of all these things. Shakespeare feels the same way about the young man; he is in his prime, in his glory, full of life and beautiful. He is idealized by Shakespeare in this description. It is interesting to note that the first line is in the form of a question. Shakespeare at this point, realizes that he’s made a mistake in his comparison. “Thou art more lovely and more temperate.” (Line ) He knows that his language and comparison are inadequate in trying to express the way he feels. He knows that comparing the youth to a summer’s day does not do justice to the feelings he has for him. The youth is more perfect than the beauty of a summer’s day. The man is more temperate--- he is gentler, more constant, and more controlled. He is safely more reliant than a summer’s day. Shakespeare questions the idea of the man being as gorgeous as a summer’s day and then ups the ante by saying the youth is more impressive. This is a great compliment and establishes that the feelings that Shakespeare has for the young man far transcend those of friendship or admiration. His feelings for the youth are that of love.
The following lines offer explanations of why the comparison to a summer’s day is not good enough. Shakespeare begins to show all of summer’s imperfections, beginning with the example that rough winds come in May and disturb the darling flowers. May is a time in the year when the weather starts to warm up and flowers are in full bloom--- the very beginning of summer. Shakespeare again uses a force of nature when he speaks of the wind. The image suggested is that of the hot wind of May coming and blowing petals off of the beautiful flowers. In contrast, the wind may be a metaphor for problems and obstacles in life and how the young man is not affected by opposition--- that he cannot be shaken. “Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May...” () The summer may have imperfections but the youth, by Shakespeare’s belief, does not. This seems contradictory, as the fact is that the youth is a human and all human beings are imperfect. Shakespeare is happily blinded by his love. In his eyes, the youth can do no wrong and he has no negative attributes. Like any person in love, Shakespeare puts the youth on a great pedestal. This again is an affirmation of the love that Shakespeare feels for the man.
Shakespeare continues in his explanation of the inadequacy of summer. It may be beautiful at times, but it is important to realize that it only lasts for a period of time during the year--- “And summer’s lease hath all too short a date. (4). This comparison implies that the youth’s beauty lasts all year long; there is no limit on it and there is no time clock ticking to end it. The issue of time is one of great importance in this poem. Shakespeare feels as though the youth is not subject to time or age. Summer’s glory and beauty may end, but the youth’s will not. His denial of the mortality of the youth proves that he does not see him as human, but as something greater.
Shakespeare expresses that the sun shines too much some days and it is too hot. Other days the sun’s face is hidden by clouds and it is overcast. His personification of the sun lends a hand to comparison. The sun is too hot, but the youth is, as before, temperate. The sun’s golden complexion may be hidden by clouds but the youth’s beauty and golden complexion are never hindered or hidden. There is great power in the comparison of the youth to the sun. Shakespeare believes that all the power the sun possesses, brilliance, heat, color, blindness, and life are nothing compared to the power and perfection of the young man. This belief again provides affirmation that like a God, the young man is greater than the source of light and life on earth.
“And every fair from fair sometimes declines, By chance or nature’s changing course untrimmed” (7-8) By saying that every fair from fair declines, Shakespeare is saying that every beautiful thing, at some point, grows less and less beautiful and that it reaches the point when it can never be as beautiful as when it first came into being. All beautiful things will fall from perfection. Like summer, beauty has a time limit on it. This is not the case with the young man. His beauty will never dim, nor wilt like the flowers in the wind, nor lessen, nor be covered like the sun may be. He will always retain the state of perfection. Absolute perfection is another quality that makes the youth like a God.
The next line shows that beauty flails because of chance accidents or by the fluctuation of nature’s course. This again ties in to the idea that a summer’s day is unpredictable and subject to change. This again is not true for the youth. The youth is temperate and his perfection is untouchable. He is steadfast and reliable. He is immune from accidents or fluctuation. He is again, perfection.
At this point Shakespeare has finished explaining how summer is an inadequate comparison to the youth and begins to explain his promise to the youth. “But thy eternal summer shall not fade…” The eternal summer represents the eternity of the youth’s perfection. The eternal summer won’t ever fade and it will never lose its original beauty. This again affirms that the youth is not subject to time. He is immortal. He is God-like.
Shakespeare finally declares that the reason that the youth will always be immortal and in perfect state is death has no power over him. “Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade...” (11) Unlike Death’s eventual victory over every living thing, it will not have any affect on the youth. The reason for this being that the youth, in all his glory, will always and forever be captured in Shakespeare’s verse and because of these lines, the youth will remain immortal and will grow as time grows.
“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this give life to thee.” (1-14) This final part of Shakespeare’s promise to the youth explains that as long as man inhabits the earth, the verse will always exist, and because of the existence of the verse, the youth will live on forever in the words. His image and beauty will always be captured in time and because it is captured, he will remain immortal. The verse gives the youth a means for immortality and eternal existence because it transcends the time barrier. He is a god.
Through the intensity of the emotion of love that Shakespeare is able to express in his writing it is proven that he viewed the youth as godlike. He idealizes the young man by the description of his beauty. His writing is motivated by the love that he feels for the youth. He explains the youth’s perfection by comparing and contrasting the youth to a summer’s day. He explains that a summer’s day is as inadequate a comparison, as the language he uses is in his attempt to express all he feels for the youth. Through the verse and his use of symbolism and personification of aspects of nature, and of the youth, Shakespeare is able to fully utilize this comparison by morphs the youth into the “endless summer,” an ideal without flaw or imperfection. He shows admiration and adoration for the youth by denying the man have any faults. Shakespeare explains that the youth, unlike summer, is immune to time and aging and the fading of beauty, and therefore makes him immortal. He provides means for immortality and eternity though the verse he writes because the youth will still exist on paper, even after the youth is no longer part of the physical world. Shakespeare catapults the man into a creature of perfection, beauty, endless youth, immortality, and because of all these attributes, he is a god in his own right.
Mind that the sample papers like Analysis of Shakespeare's Sonnet #18 presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
A reiview of the bonds of womanhood
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like A reiview of the bonds of womanhood even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like A reiview of the bonds of womanhood in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
The Bonds of Womanhood
The world of 1780 was much like today’s world. It was fast moving and full of changes. From the almost brand new country of the United States, to the rise of a industrial revolution, the United States was growing and its society and culture were growing even more. The rise of industrial and nonagricultural jobs lead to a change in the household life of the men, women, and children. The resulting situations started the unity of women and their later fight for equality.
The rise of the capitalistic and industrial way of life changed American families in the late 18th and early 1th centuries. The past work of agriculture, which promoted mingling and task orientation, sharply differed from the capitalist system of time and discipline. The home life was no loner part of the work life, and became a refuge for the men of the family. It was seen as an escape from the business of the outside world. With men running the financial and political world, woman were left to care for the house and family. It was already accepted that woman were more caring then men and therefore received the task of being the moral ones of the house and viewed as unqualified for working in the public world. Cott points out that as woman became the moral leaders in the household, it became more and more their job to instill their morality into the children of the household. After all if the children of the country were the future, then the woman of the country had the great job of raising the future of the country. Cott explores the ideas which the mothers encouraged their children take up, ideas of education and religion. Religion was a huge part of the liberation of woman and Cott points out how woman used religion to justify giving attention to ones own thoughts, actions, and prospects and not just the domestic vocation.
Using journals and letters of many New England women of the time, Cott shows what the average New England woman thought, what they believed and whether or not they liked their home life. The knowledge gained from those letters showed many things. Some woman enjoyed the home life and raising children, while others enjoyed the satisfaction of working in factories with men. One unifying thing that Cott found in these letters however, was the unified and strong bonds of the woman of society. The friendships seen in the letters showed that even though woman were mostly stuck at home raising the family and taking care of matters of the household, there was a growing network of women all linked together by their bondage. They expressed dissatisfaction with their mates and their households.
This cult of domesticity helped forge some of the strong ideas and visions which would lead the American women into the future years. The cult created, allowed woman to share ideas and thoughts which previously with agricultural society were never able to be exchanged. With woman staying at home and raising the children there was time for them to write letters and gather to exchange ideas. There was also time for them to attend church which lead to the meeting of many different women and start of feminist ideas. Being a Christian in the society meant becoming involved in the church and society. This meant actively being involved and participating in church activities. This lead to the meeting of different woman and the forging of bonds between these women. Cott stresses the importance of being Christian in her book and the results.
Cott does an excellent job her book of showing the New England societies intimate mechanics. She sheds light on the rise of woman as a unified sex and determined group. Her sources are excellent. Using the letters of actual women of the period gives a feel of what it was like and helps prove her point. Her book gives a clear and distinct path as too how the rise of the feminist movement started.
Mind that the sample papers like A reiview of the bonds of womanhood presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
The Bonds of Womanhood
The world of 1780 was much like today’s world. It was fast moving and full of changes. From the almost brand new country of the United States, to the rise of a industrial revolution, the United States was growing and its society and culture were growing even more. The rise of industrial and nonagricultural jobs lead to a change in the household life of the men, women, and children. The resulting situations started the unity of women and their later fight for equality.
The rise of the capitalistic and industrial way of life changed American families in the late 18th and early 1th centuries. The past work of agriculture, which promoted mingling and task orientation, sharply differed from the capitalist system of time and discipline. The home life was no loner part of the work life, and became a refuge for the men of the family. It was seen as an escape from the business of the outside world. With men running the financial and political world, woman were left to care for the house and family. It was already accepted that woman were more caring then men and therefore received the task of being the moral ones of the house and viewed as unqualified for working in the public world. Cott points out that as woman became the moral leaders in the household, it became more and more their job to instill their morality into the children of the household. After all if the children of the country were the future, then the woman of the country had the great job of raising the future of the country. Cott explores the ideas which the mothers encouraged their children take up, ideas of education and religion. Religion was a huge part of the liberation of woman and Cott points out how woman used religion to justify giving attention to ones own thoughts, actions, and prospects and not just the domestic vocation.
Using journals and letters of many New England women of the time, Cott shows what the average New England woman thought, what they believed and whether or not they liked their home life. The knowledge gained from those letters showed many things. Some woman enjoyed the home life and raising children, while others enjoyed the satisfaction of working in factories with men. One unifying thing that Cott found in these letters however, was the unified and strong bonds of the woman of society. The friendships seen in the letters showed that even though woman were mostly stuck at home raising the family and taking care of matters of the household, there was a growing network of women all linked together by their bondage. They expressed dissatisfaction with their mates and their households.
This cult of domesticity helped forge some of the strong ideas and visions which would lead the American women into the future years. The cult created, allowed woman to share ideas and thoughts which previously with agricultural society were never able to be exchanged. With woman staying at home and raising the children there was time for them to write letters and gather to exchange ideas. There was also time for them to attend church which lead to the meeting of many different women and start of feminist ideas. Being a Christian in the society meant becoming involved in the church and society. This meant actively being involved and participating in church activities. This lead to the meeting of different woman and the forging of bonds between these women. Cott stresses the importance of being Christian in her book and the results.
Cott does an excellent job her book of showing the New England societies intimate mechanics. She sheds light on the rise of woman as a unified sex and determined group. Her sources are excellent. Using the letters of actual women of the period gives a feel of what it was like and helps prove her point. Her book gives a clear and distinct path as too how the rise of the feminist movement started.
Mind that the sample papers like A reiview of the bonds of womanhood presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
telegraph
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like telegraph even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like telegraph in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Dec. 5 ¡X The New York Times admitted Friday that a dame of dance and theater was alive and well, a day after prematurely polishing off the 4-year-old heroine from the original production of ¡§Oklahoma. IN A CORRECTION, the so-called ¡§Gray Lady¡¨ said it had based its account of the passing of Katharine Sergava on an account in the Daily Telegraph of London that ran on Nov. , but had neglected to attribute the British paper as the source of the obituary or independently confirm that Sergava had died.
The Times said it had subsequently learned that Sergava, who has lived in Manhattan for many years, is currently hospitalized in a nursing home.
The New York Post gloated over its rival¡¦s error in a news story headlined ¡§Dead wrong.¡¨
The Post said many of Sergava¡¦s acting students from HB Studio, where she taught classes until a few months ago, rushed to her Greenwich Village home to mourn after reading the bogus story.
¡§All of her students are going crazy right now,¡¨ it quoted Stephen Long, a doorman at her building, as saying.
The Post said the Times obituary was written by freelance dance writer Jack Anderson, who told the cross-town rival that he was ¡§embarrassed¡¨ by the incident.
¡§My bio about Katharine was accurate,¡¨ he said. ¡§What (makes the obituary) not accurate is that she is presumably still alive in a nursing home on Riverside Drive.¡¨ ¡¨ IN A CORRECTION, the so-called ¡§Gray Lady¡¨ said it had based its account of the passing of Katharine Sergava on an account in the Daily Telegraph of London that ran on Nov. , but had neglected to attribute the British paper as the source of the obituary or independently confirm that Sergava had died.
The Times said it had subsequently learned that Sergava, who has lived in Manhattan for many years, is currently hospitalized in a nursing home.
The New York Post gloated over its rival¡¦s error in a news story headlined ¡§Dead wrong.¡¨
The Post said many of Sergava¡¦s acting students from HB Studio, where she taught classes until a few months ago, rushed to her Greenwich Village home to mourn after reading the bogus story.
¡§All of her students are going crazy right now,¡¨ it quoted Stephen Long, a doorman at her building, as saying.
The Post said the Times obituary was written by freelance dance writer Jack Anderson, who told the cross-town rival that he was ¡§embarrassed¡¨ by the incident.
¡§My bio about Katharine was accurate,¡¨ he said. ¡§What (makes the obituary) not accurate is that she is presumably still alive in a nursing home on Riverside Drive.¡¨ IN A CORRECTION, the so-called ¡§Gray Lady¡¨ said it had based its account of the passing of Katharine Sergava on an account in the Daily Telegraph of London that ran on Nov. , but had neglected to attribute the British paper as the source of the obituary or independently confirm that Sergava had died.
The Times said it had subsequently learned that Sergava, who has lived in Manhattan for many years, is currently hospitalized in a nursing home.
The New York Post gloated over its rival¡¦s error in a news story headlined ¡§Dead wrong.¡¨
The Post said many of Sergava¡¦s acting students from HB Studio, where she taught classes until a few months ago, rushed to her Greenwich Village home to mourn after reading the bogus story.
¡§All of her students are going crazy right now,¡¨ it quoted Stephen Long, a doorman at her building, as saying.
The Post said the Times obituary was written by freelance dance writer Jack Anderson, who told the cross-town rival that he was ¡§embarrassed¡¨ by the incident.
¡§My bio about Katharine was accurate,¡¨ he said. ¡§What (makes the obituary) not accurate is that she is presumably still alive in a nursing home on Riverside Drive.¡¨
The Post said the Times obituary was written by freelance dance writer Jack Anderson, who told the cross-town rival that he was ¡§embarrassed¡¨ by the incident.
¡§My bio about Katharine was accurate,¡¨ he said. ¡§What (makes the obituary) not accurate is that she is presumably still alive in a nursing home on Riverside Drive.¡¨ IN A CORRECTION, the so-called ¡§Gray Lady¡¨ said it had based its account of the passing of Katharine Sergava on an account in the Daily Telegraph of London that ran on Nov. , but had neglected to attribute the British paper as the source of the obituary or independently confirm that Sergava had died.
The Times said it had subsequently learned that Sergava, who has lived in Manhattan for many years, is currently hospitalized in a nursing home.
The New York Post gloated over its rival¡¦s error in a news story headlined ¡§Dead wrong.¡¨
The Post said many of Sergava¡¦s acting students from HB Studio, where she taught classes until a few months ago, rushed to her Greenwich Village home to mourn after reading the bogus story.
¡§All of her students are going crazy right now,¡¨ it quoted Stephen Long, a doorman at her building, as saying.
The Post said the Times obituary was written by freelance dance writer Jack Anderson, who told the cross-town rival that he was ¡§embarrassed¡¨ by the incident.
¡§My bio about Katharine was accurate,¡¨ he said. ¡§What (makes the obituary) not accurate is that she is presumably still alive in a nursing home on Riverside Drive.¡¨
Mind that the sample papers like telegraph presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Dec. 5 ¡X The New York Times admitted Friday that a dame of dance and theater was alive and well, a day after prematurely polishing off the 4-year-old heroine from the original production of ¡§Oklahoma. IN A CORRECTION, the so-called ¡§Gray Lady¡¨ said it had based its account of the passing of Katharine Sergava on an account in the Daily Telegraph of London that ran on Nov. , but had neglected to attribute the British paper as the source of the obituary or independently confirm that Sergava had died.
The Times said it had subsequently learned that Sergava, who has lived in Manhattan for many years, is currently hospitalized in a nursing home.
The New York Post gloated over its rival¡¦s error in a news story headlined ¡§Dead wrong.¡¨
The Post said many of Sergava¡¦s acting students from HB Studio, where she taught classes until a few months ago, rushed to her Greenwich Village home to mourn after reading the bogus story.
¡§All of her students are going crazy right now,¡¨ it quoted Stephen Long, a doorman at her building, as saying.
The Post said the Times obituary was written by freelance dance writer Jack Anderson, who told the cross-town rival that he was ¡§embarrassed¡¨ by the incident.
¡§My bio about Katharine was accurate,¡¨ he said. ¡§What (makes the obituary) not accurate is that she is presumably still alive in a nursing home on Riverside Drive.¡¨ ¡¨ IN A CORRECTION, the so-called ¡§Gray Lady¡¨ said it had based its account of the passing of Katharine Sergava on an account in the Daily Telegraph of London that ran on Nov. , but had neglected to attribute the British paper as the source of the obituary or independently confirm that Sergava had died.
The Times said it had subsequently learned that Sergava, who has lived in Manhattan for many years, is currently hospitalized in a nursing home.
The New York Post gloated over its rival¡¦s error in a news story headlined ¡§Dead wrong.¡¨
The Post said many of Sergava¡¦s acting students from HB Studio, where she taught classes until a few months ago, rushed to her Greenwich Village home to mourn after reading the bogus story.
¡§All of her students are going crazy right now,¡¨ it quoted Stephen Long, a doorman at her building, as saying.
The Post said the Times obituary was written by freelance dance writer Jack Anderson, who told the cross-town rival that he was ¡§embarrassed¡¨ by the incident.
¡§My bio about Katharine was accurate,¡¨ he said. ¡§What (makes the obituary) not accurate is that she is presumably still alive in a nursing home on Riverside Drive.¡¨ IN A CORRECTION, the so-called ¡§Gray Lady¡¨ said it had based its account of the passing of Katharine Sergava on an account in the Daily Telegraph of London that ran on Nov. , but had neglected to attribute the British paper as the source of the obituary or independently confirm that Sergava had died.
The Times said it had subsequently learned that Sergava, who has lived in Manhattan for many years, is currently hospitalized in a nursing home.
The New York Post gloated over its rival¡¦s error in a news story headlined ¡§Dead wrong.¡¨
The Post said many of Sergava¡¦s acting students from HB Studio, where she taught classes until a few months ago, rushed to her Greenwich Village home to mourn after reading the bogus story.
¡§All of her students are going crazy right now,¡¨ it quoted Stephen Long, a doorman at her building, as saying.
The Post said the Times obituary was written by freelance dance writer Jack Anderson, who told the cross-town rival that he was ¡§embarrassed¡¨ by the incident.
¡§My bio about Katharine was accurate,¡¨ he said. ¡§What (makes the obituary) not accurate is that she is presumably still alive in a nursing home on Riverside Drive.¡¨
The Post said the Times obituary was written by freelance dance writer Jack Anderson, who told the cross-town rival that he was ¡§embarrassed¡¨ by the incident.
¡§My bio about Katharine was accurate,¡¨ he said. ¡§What (makes the obituary) not accurate is that she is presumably still alive in a nursing home on Riverside Drive.¡¨ IN A CORRECTION, the so-called ¡§Gray Lady¡¨ said it had based its account of the passing of Katharine Sergava on an account in the Daily Telegraph of London that ran on Nov. , but had neglected to attribute the British paper as the source of the obituary or independently confirm that Sergava had died.
The Times said it had subsequently learned that Sergava, who has lived in Manhattan for many years, is currently hospitalized in a nursing home.
The New York Post gloated over its rival¡¦s error in a news story headlined ¡§Dead wrong.¡¨
The Post said many of Sergava¡¦s acting students from HB Studio, where she taught classes until a few months ago, rushed to her Greenwich Village home to mourn after reading the bogus story.
¡§All of her students are going crazy right now,¡¨ it quoted Stephen Long, a doorman at her building, as saying.
The Post said the Times obituary was written by freelance dance writer Jack Anderson, who told the cross-town rival that he was ¡§embarrassed¡¨ by the incident.
¡§My bio about Katharine was accurate,¡¨ he said. ¡§What (makes the obituary) not accurate is that she is presumably still alive in a nursing home on Riverside Drive.¡¨
Mind that the sample papers like telegraph presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
roccoco hotel - new yorkTO: Mr. Tony Richards, GM FROM: DATE: June 16, 2003 SUBJECT: Recommendations It has come to your committee¡¦s attention a letter by a former patron. Ms. Laura Bressner has expressed her dislike in th
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like roccoco hotel - new yorkTO: Mr. Tony Richards, GM FROM: DATE: June 16, 2003 SUBJECT: Recommendations It has come to your committee¡¦s attention a letter by a former patron. Ms. Laura Bressner has expressed her dislike in th even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like roccoco hotel - new yorkTO: Mr. Tony Richards, GM FROM: DATE: June 16, 2003 SUBJECT: Recommendations It has come to your committee¡¦s attention a letter by a former patron. Ms. Laura Bressner has expressed her dislike in th in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
TO Mr. Tony Richards, GM
FROM
DATE June 16, 00
SUBJECT Recommendations
It has come to your committee¡¦s attention a letter by a former patron. Ms. Laura Bressner has expressed her dislike in the following areas
„h Poor front desk service (lackadaisical, wrong room type, rudeness)
„h Slow room service
„h Poor attention to detail
She has stated that she will not be attending your hotel again.
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Mind that the sample papers like roccoco hotel - new yorkTO: Mr. Tony Richards, GM FROM: DATE: June 16, 2003 SUBJECT: Recommendations It has come to your committee¡¦s attention a letter by a former patron. Ms. Laura Bressner has expressed her dislike in th presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
TO Mr. Tony Richards, GM
FROM
DATE June 16, 00
SUBJECT Recommendations
It has come to your committee¡¦s attention a letter by a former patron. Ms. Laura Bressner has expressed her dislike in the following areas
„h Poor front desk service (lackadaisical, wrong room type, rudeness)
„h Slow room service
„h Poor attention to detail
She has stated that she will not be attending your hotel again.
In a jam? Cant seem to come up with any ideas for that essay or term paper you have due tomorrow? Youve come to the right place! We have thousands of free essays and term papers! Feel free to read our papers to gain ideas, then you can develop your own essay. We only publish the original papers sent in from the authors!
Feel free to change the category of any essay on our site. All you have to do is login and click the (suggest a category for this essay) link and presto the most picked category wins for each essay. So get instant access now to our archive of free essays!
Free Acceptance Essays
Free essays related to College, Grad School, Medical School, University, more... Free Art Essays
Free essays related to Art, Abstract, Expressionism, Gothic, Impressionism, more...
Free English Essays
Free essays related to English, Fiction, Non-Fiction, Poetry, Plays, Essays, more... Free Foreign Essays
Free essays related to Foreign relations, Spanish, French, German, more...
Free History Essays
Free essays related to History, American, European, Medieval, Far East, Roman, Greek, more... Free Miscellaneous Essays
Free essays related to Miscellaneous items
Free Movie Essays
Free essays related to Movies, Action, Comedy, Drama, Suspense, Thriller, more... Free Novel Essays
Free essays on books
Free People Essays
Free essays related to People, Albert Einstein, Benjamin Franklin, Machiavelli, William Shakespeare, more... Free Political Essays
Free essays related to Politics, Abortion, Affirmative Action, Animal Rights, Cloning, Marijuana, more...
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Mind that the sample papers like roccoco hotel - new yorkTO: Mr. Tony Richards, GM FROM: DATE: June 16, 2003 SUBJECT: Recommendations It has come to your committee¡¦s attention a letter by a former patron. Ms. Laura Bressner has expressed her dislike in th presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Friday 28 September 2012
dont go!
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- The Asian American Community is defined here as an instrumental and political one that stems from a shared racial location in the US. The impact of this social framework is evident in pan-Asian organizations, which tend to encourage solidarity among their diverse constituents by stressing shared racial interests.
- An emphasis on racial and political solidarity (as well as inclusionary boundaries) is also apparent in the following descriptions of Asian American Studies
- In highlighting shared racial fate, a strategy of Asian American Studies has been to emphasize a common historical past in the US.
- Asians also share a bond other oppressed groups of color.
-“ A bond” posed by racialization is the US
- The Term “Asian American Identity” encompasses on the one hand strategic politics, and on other limiting trap for the expression of diverse ethnic cultures.
- Incoming immigrants who are not US born citizens are posing a problem to the Pan-Asian Community
- By increasing the size and visibility of the Asian American population, post 165 Asian immigration has lent vigor and urgency to issued of the Asian American Community
- As the question The meaningfulness of the notion of shared racial interests and location that has guided pan-Asian activity.
- After 165, racial divisions within the Asian community started to arise, due to the fact most ‘Asians” at the time were very educated compared to there ancestors before. The question of whether a shared racial fate and location, determined what an “Asian” was came to life.
- A hierarchy of sort within the Asian community started to come about as well (classes)
- Ideas of racial agenda may seem especially problematic in the situations where class or occupational interests overlap with those of ethnic origin. Example 1 La riots, A lot of Korean businesses were destroyed. They have the highest rate of self-employment, a lot of them opened businesses in dominantly black populated areas, during 165 they facing barriers in the mainstream labor market. Koreans then said other Asian-American groups showed lack of interests in them.
- As suggested above, a primary and ongoing challenge to the racial interests framework of pan-Asianism stems from the competing ethnic-specific interests.
- Depending the interests of the group they turn to pan-Asian ties
-
Mind that the sample papers like dont go! presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
- The Asian American Community is defined here as an instrumental and political one that stems from a shared racial location in the US. The impact of this social framework is evident in pan-Asian organizations, which tend to encourage solidarity among their diverse constituents by stressing shared racial interests.
- An emphasis on racial and political solidarity (as well as inclusionary boundaries) is also apparent in the following descriptions of Asian American Studies
- In highlighting shared racial fate, a strategy of Asian American Studies has been to emphasize a common historical past in the US.
- Asians also share a bond other oppressed groups of color.
-“ A bond” posed by racialization is the US
- The Term “Asian American Identity” encompasses on the one hand strategic politics, and on other limiting trap for the expression of diverse ethnic cultures.
- Incoming immigrants who are not US born citizens are posing a problem to the Pan-Asian Community
- By increasing the size and visibility of the Asian American population, post 165 Asian immigration has lent vigor and urgency to issued of the Asian American Community
- As the question The meaningfulness of the notion of shared racial interests and location that has guided pan-Asian activity.
- After 165, racial divisions within the Asian community started to arise, due to the fact most ‘Asians” at the time were very educated compared to there ancestors before. The question of whether a shared racial fate and location, determined what an “Asian” was came to life.
- A hierarchy of sort within the Asian community started to come about as well (classes)
- Ideas of racial agenda may seem especially problematic in the situations where class or occupational interests overlap with those of ethnic origin. Example 1 La riots, A lot of Korean businesses were destroyed. They have the highest rate of self-employment, a lot of them opened businesses in dominantly black populated areas, during 165 they facing barriers in the mainstream labor market. Koreans then said other Asian-American groups showed lack of interests in them.
- As suggested above, a primary and ongoing challenge to the racial interests framework of pan-Asianism stems from the competing ethnic-specific interests.
- Depending the interests of the group they turn to pan-Asian ties
-
Mind that the sample papers like dont go! presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Wednesday 12 September 2012
Pain
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Pain death defiance fear love hate tears love fear want need desire desperation i can’t think of what to say or what to do my mind is whirling and I’m lost in a world of fear n hate I am confused as hell I can’t see a way out I need love and yet I hate it I hate all those you love me despise those who desire me my mind is not sound I want to scream I want to run away to a dark forest and cry and be free from all this shit I feel my dad is trapping me this feels like hell worse than hell I feel I can’t breathe I want to run..run as fast as my legs can carry me away to beautiful freedom I want music to fill my lonely desperate hurt soul I want beauty to surround my every waking moment yet what is around me is all ugly I try to see if I can look at it in another way that will make it beautiful to my eyes but I just don’t have the strength to figure out I want to kill myself shoot myself in my head I don’t like people telling me I’m fucked up its at moments like this that I feel so vulnerable that I’ll break into two because I’m nothing like the responsible steady person I’m trying so hard to be I’m as volatile as water there’s so much pain inside but I’ve barred it locked it up from all prying eyes even from myself otherwise I’ll break into two I want to die I want to die life is so beautiful but with all these trappings in it in want to die my life is hell I want a new one free from all moral judgement that I’m trying so hard to fit in. if u put water in a mould it will evaporate should I then die? I’m so scared will anyone understand that I’m not crazy? I just want to be…to love to be able to trust but how can I do that with so many fingers pointed at me all the time? I want out. Help me I’m screaming from my soul why have you bound me so tight? Why can’t you let me go? What have I done? Why am I destined to spread so much pain when all I want to give out is love? Why the hell am I going through this? For what fault of mine? How can I set my soul free from this ugly restrictive world? I want to leave I want to spread my wings and fly. I want to be beautiful and truly feel that I can be loved.
Mind that the sample papers like Pain presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Pain death defiance fear love hate tears love fear want need desire desperation i can’t think of what to say or what to do my mind is whirling and I’m lost in a world of fear n hate I am confused as hell I can’t see a way out I need love and yet I hate it I hate all those you love me despise those who desire me my mind is not sound I want to scream I want to run away to a dark forest and cry and be free from all this shit I feel my dad is trapping me this feels like hell worse than hell I feel I can’t breathe I want to run..run as fast as my legs can carry me away to beautiful freedom I want music to fill my lonely desperate hurt soul I want beauty to surround my every waking moment yet what is around me is all ugly I try to see if I can look at it in another way that will make it beautiful to my eyes but I just don’t have the strength to figure out I want to kill myself shoot myself in my head I don’t like people telling me I’m fucked up its at moments like this that I feel so vulnerable that I’ll break into two because I’m nothing like the responsible steady person I’m trying so hard to be I’m as volatile as water there’s so much pain inside but I’ve barred it locked it up from all prying eyes even from myself otherwise I’ll break into two I want to die I want to die life is so beautiful but with all these trappings in it in want to die my life is hell I want a new one free from all moral judgement that I’m trying so hard to fit in. if u put water in a mould it will evaporate should I then die? I’m so scared will anyone understand that I’m not crazy? I just want to be…to love to be able to trust but how can I do that with so many fingers pointed at me all the time? I want out. Help me I’m screaming from my soul why have you bound me so tight? Why can’t you let me go? What have I done? Why am I destined to spread so much pain when all I want to give out is love? Why the hell am I going through this? For what fault of mine? How can I set my soul free from this ugly restrictive world? I want to leave I want to spread my wings and fly. I want to be beautiful and truly feel that I can be loved.
Mind that the sample papers like Pain presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Friday 7 September 2012
Dada and Surrealism
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Dada and Surrealism even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Dada and Surrealism in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Dada and Surrealism
During the days of World War I, a search began for new and fantastic subject matter, and so this brought together a number of young men. The writer, Hugo Ball, the painter, sculptor and poet, Jean Arp and the painter Hans Richter, as well as many others, all began this search of new and exciting styles that brought on the movement called Dada. This movement was largely a reaction to the destruction, hysteria and madness of the war. The Dadaists felt that reason and logic had resulted in war, and so, they wanted to move away from this and explore different principals such as simultaneity and chance.
There were two main parts to Dada, Zurich Dada and New York Dada. Zurich Dada came about as a result of these men whose demonstrations, art exhibitions, poetry readings and noise concerts attacked Western Art and Culture. Jean Arp was one of the most prolific artists to emerge from Zurich Dada. He studied painting in the early years of the twentieth century but found that there was great conflict between his paintings and what he learnt. This uncertainty that he had, led him to spend years in various small towns in Switzerland where he was greatly influenced by the Swiss landscape. This resulted in many abstract works that were all based on nature and living organic shapes. He wanted to express the reality of the object itself in the most concrete terms as possible; hence he used a form of organic abstraction. This led him from painting to collage and then to relief and sculpture in the round.
A typical work is “Collage with Squares Arranged according to the Law of Chance.”
This work is a collage of torn squares of paper arranged in a random order. He produced many works in this vein and it is said that they were a result of his tearing up drawings with which he was not satisfied and, seeing the arrangement the papers made on the floor, he realized he had found the solution to his problem. It was actions such as this that showed Arp’s interest in “the laws of chance.”
Although Zurich dada had finished by the end of World War I, its influences were just beginning to spread, and it was then that New York Dada emerged. It began with the artists Marcel Duchamp and Francis Picabia arriving in New York and sharing similar ideals. Duchamp was disillusioned by the validity of art. He was influenced by Cubism, as is evident in his paintings, but he didn’t like the more formal ordered direction that it was taking. Another distinct influence was that of the futurists. Not on Duchamp alone but on the Dadaists in general. Although Duchamp used a lot of the Futurist principals, such as devices with the feel of machinery, his Dadaist art was an expression of disillusionment, whereas the Futurists’ art was much more optimistic. Duchamp’s works were often satirical especially when he attempted to re-interpret traditional themes however all of his works take on a brilliant construction of abstract forms. His works include, “The Passage from Virgin to Bride,” and “The Bride Stripped Bare of her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass).”
Duchamp was also the initiator of “ready-mades.” These were objects or paintings that were complete on their own, that Duchamp would just add to. A good example of this is “L.H.O.O.Q”. Here, he has taken a copy of the “Mona Lisa” and added a beard and moustache to it, and called it a work of art. Another example of a ready-made is a work entitled “Fountain” which is quite simply a urinal on which he has signed “R. Mutt.” Needless to say this caused a great stir when he tried to exhibit it in 117.
Duchamp was in some way trapped He wanted to destroy facets of art altogether, but his Dada works contained elements of his art that he truly hated. However, his primary motive was to show that he rejected the ideas and idols of society. This influenced the “tone” of his paintings in a number of ways. His willingness to use just anything as art, especially the ready-mades brought up the question, “What is Art?” and this is exactly what the Dadaists wanted. However, Dada wasn’t all wild, mad humor aimed at annoying the middle class man. It had a purpose that of re-examining and exposing the conceptions of order and beauty.
Surrealism however, deals with a different kind of reality, a super-reality that exists in our subconscious. The surrealists believed that the reality of dreams was superior to that of waking reality. They were not influenced as much as the Dadaists were by war but by the theories of Sigmund Freud. Up until then, the subconscious was still undefined and they wanted to expand and explore themes involving the subconscious aspects of life.
One of the characteristics of Surrealism was an element of chance, just as was used by the Dadaists. Accidental blots, textures and signs were incorporated into paintings to add to the effect that they wanted to create; where no attempt would be made to define the works or make them understandable. Surrealism has been defined as “the state of mind where there is no difference between the past and the present, between life and death, high and low, real and unreal.” This is exactly what the Surrealists tried to portray even though all the surrealist styles were very different.
The chief Surrealists were Max Ernst, Miro, Magritte and Dali and although their styles were all very different they all had common aspects such as a vision of totally new subject matter and individuality and isolation as artists. Much like the Dadaists they wanted to explore something new and completely different. They also propagated revolt against society and tradition just as the Dadaists did and their works, and also created great controversy because of the subject matter involved.
Salvador Dali epitomizes the Surrealist artist, not only in his art, but also in his lifestyle. He was greatly influenced be De Chirico, Carra and by the writings of Sigmund Freud, and moved to Paris in 1 to join the Surrealists.
Dali tried to recreate his dream world and attempted to make it more real than everyday, accepted reality. His paintings were extremely precise, in complete contrast to many of the Dadaist works in the way that they were almost photographic, as can be seen in his “Basket of Bread.” His works are often very contradictory where mechanical objects are soft or organic. Objects often disintegrate, melt and metamorphosis. An example of this is “The Persistence of Memory” where there are several melting clocks and foreign objects. There are many dissolving and transforming images in his works. Images are doubled, juxtaposed and repeated constantly, however, his paintings were painted in a very realistic style with very fine brushwork with a very gentle and delicate use of colour. He stuck with a very realistic technique instead of painting in the ways of the Cubists and Impressionists. The Dadaists, however, were influenced by the Cubists, as can be seen in many of Duchamp’s works. In his works there is traditional use of line that is neither abstract nor decorative which is, however, seen in Dadaist works. His paintings often have eerie, haunting allegories and phobias often that populate his work.
“I do not know when I start to pretend or when I tell the truth.”
“How do you expect the public to understand the meaning of the images that I transcribe, when I myself, who is the one who makes them, don’t understand them any longer when they appear in my pictures?”
“Beauty should be edible or not at all.”
-Salvador Dali
Another Surrealist artist is Max Ernst. Ernst’s paintings often include machine monsters that show the Dadaists preoccupation with mechanization and automatism. His interest in metamorphosis and double identity of objects led him onto Surrealism and he began painting in a new style that still dealt with realism but in a fantastical way, just like Dali. Ernst’s painting also dealt with Nightmares, dreams and the subconscious with fantastic creatures such as elephants, as seen in “The Elephant Celebes.” His works also include many birds and dream landscapes as seen in “Two Children are Threatened by a Nightingale.” He is said to have created the “surrealist vocabulary” and unlike some of the Dadaist works, they are never totally abstract.
Both Dadaism and Surrealism were extremely dynamic and interesting movements. They rebelled against the conformities of society, began to explore completely different subject matter and although were different in many ways, they were the start to a completely new outlook on art and culture of the 0th century.
Mind that the sample papers like Dada and Surrealism presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Dada and Surrealism
During the days of World War I, a search began for new and fantastic subject matter, and so this brought together a number of young men. The writer, Hugo Ball, the painter, sculptor and poet, Jean Arp and the painter Hans Richter, as well as many others, all began this search of new and exciting styles that brought on the movement called Dada. This movement was largely a reaction to the destruction, hysteria and madness of the war. The Dadaists felt that reason and logic had resulted in war, and so, they wanted to move away from this and explore different principals such as simultaneity and chance.
There were two main parts to Dada, Zurich Dada and New York Dada. Zurich Dada came about as a result of these men whose demonstrations, art exhibitions, poetry readings and noise concerts attacked Western Art and Culture. Jean Arp was one of the most prolific artists to emerge from Zurich Dada. He studied painting in the early years of the twentieth century but found that there was great conflict between his paintings and what he learnt. This uncertainty that he had, led him to spend years in various small towns in Switzerland where he was greatly influenced by the Swiss landscape. This resulted in many abstract works that were all based on nature and living organic shapes. He wanted to express the reality of the object itself in the most concrete terms as possible; hence he used a form of organic abstraction. This led him from painting to collage and then to relief and sculpture in the round.
A typical work is “Collage with Squares Arranged according to the Law of Chance.”
This work is a collage of torn squares of paper arranged in a random order. He produced many works in this vein and it is said that they were a result of his tearing up drawings with which he was not satisfied and, seeing the arrangement the papers made on the floor, he realized he had found the solution to his problem. It was actions such as this that showed Arp’s interest in “the laws of chance.”
Although Zurich dada had finished by the end of World War I, its influences were just beginning to spread, and it was then that New York Dada emerged. It began with the artists Marcel Duchamp and Francis Picabia arriving in New York and sharing similar ideals. Duchamp was disillusioned by the validity of art. He was influenced by Cubism, as is evident in his paintings, but he didn’t like the more formal ordered direction that it was taking. Another distinct influence was that of the futurists. Not on Duchamp alone but on the Dadaists in general. Although Duchamp used a lot of the Futurist principals, such as devices with the feel of machinery, his Dadaist art was an expression of disillusionment, whereas the Futurists’ art was much more optimistic. Duchamp’s works were often satirical especially when he attempted to re-interpret traditional themes however all of his works take on a brilliant construction of abstract forms. His works include, “The Passage from Virgin to Bride,” and “The Bride Stripped Bare of her Bachelors, Even (The Large Glass).”
Duchamp was also the initiator of “ready-mades.” These were objects or paintings that were complete on their own, that Duchamp would just add to. A good example of this is “L.H.O.O.Q”. Here, he has taken a copy of the “Mona Lisa” and added a beard and moustache to it, and called it a work of art. Another example of a ready-made is a work entitled “Fountain” which is quite simply a urinal on which he has signed “R. Mutt.” Needless to say this caused a great stir when he tried to exhibit it in 117.
Duchamp was in some way trapped He wanted to destroy facets of art altogether, but his Dada works contained elements of his art that he truly hated. However, his primary motive was to show that he rejected the ideas and idols of society. This influenced the “tone” of his paintings in a number of ways. His willingness to use just anything as art, especially the ready-mades brought up the question, “What is Art?” and this is exactly what the Dadaists wanted. However, Dada wasn’t all wild, mad humor aimed at annoying the middle class man. It had a purpose that of re-examining and exposing the conceptions of order and beauty.
Surrealism however, deals with a different kind of reality, a super-reality that exists in our subconscious. The surrealists believed that the reality of dreams was superior to that of waking reality. They were not influenced as much as the Dadaists were by war but by the theories of Sigmund Freud. Up until then, the subconscious was still undefined and they wanted to expand and explore themes involving the subconscious aspects of life.
One of the characteristics of Surrealism was an element of chance, just as was used by the Dadaists. Accidental blots, textures and signs were incorporated into paintings to add to the effect that they wanted to create; where no attempt would be made to define the works or make them understandable. Surrealism has been defined as “the state of mind where there is no difference between the past and the present, between life and death, high and low, real and unreal.” This is exactly what the Surrealists tried to portray even though all the surrealist styles were very different.
The chief Surrealists were Max Ernst, Miro, Magritte and Dali and although their styles were all very different they all had common aspects such as a vision of totally new subject matter and individuality and isolation as artists. Much like the Dadaists they wanted to explore something new and completely different. They also propagated revolt against society and tradition just as the Dadaists did and their works, and also created great controversy because of the subject matter involved.
Salvador Dali epitomizes the Surrealist artist, not only in his art, but also in his lifestyle. He was greatly influenced be De Chirico, Carra and by the writings of Sigmund Freud, and moved to Paris in 1 to join the Surrealists.
Dali tried to recreate his dream world and attempted to make it more real than everyday, accepted reality. His paintings were extremely precise, in complete contrast to many of the Dadaist works in the way that they were almost photographic, as can be seen in his “Basket of Bread.” His works are often very contradictory where mechanical objects are soft or organic. Objects often disintegrate, melt and metamorphosis. An example of this is “The Persistence of Memory” where there are several melting clocks and foreign objects. There are many dissolving and transforming images in his works. Images are doubled, juxtaposed and repeated constantly, however, his paintings were painted in a very realistic style with very fine brushwork with a very gentle and delicate use of colour. He stuck with a very realistic technique instead of painting in the ways of the Cubists and Impressionists. The Dadaists, however, were influenced by the Cubists, as can be seen in many of Duchamp’s works. In his works there is traditional use of line that is neither abstract nor decorative which is, however, seen in Dadaist works. His paintings often have eerie, haunting allegories and phobias often that populate his work.
“I do not know when I start to pretend or when I tell the truth.”
“How do you expect the public to understand the meaning of the images that I transcribe, when I myself, who is the one who makes them, don’t understand them any longer when they appear in my pictures?”
“Beauty should be edible or not at all.”
-Salvador Dali
Another Surrealist artist is Max Ernst. Ernst’s paintings often include machine monsters that show the Dadaists preoccupation with mechanization and automatism. His interest in metamorphosis and double identity of objects led him onto Surrealism and he began painting in a new style that still dealt with realism but in a fantastical way, just like Dali. Ernst’s painting also dealt with Nightmares, dreams and the subconscious with fantastic creatures such as elephants, as seen in “The Elephant Celebes.” His works also include many birds and dream landscapes as seen in “Two Children are Threatened by a Nightingale.” He is said to have created the “surrealist vocabulary” and unlike some of the Dadaist works, they are never totally abstract.
Both Dadaism and Surrealism were extremely dynamic and interesting movements. They rebelled against the conformities of society, began to explore completely different subject matter and although were different in many ways, they were the start to a completely new outlook on art and culture of the 0th century.
Mind that the sample papers like Dada and Surrealism presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Tuesday 4 September 2012
escape from freedom-review
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Escape from Freedom- An Academic Review
Over the course of history, man’s desire for complete freedom has been overcome by the responsibilities and dangers involved with liberty. Freedom can represent different things to people, this can entail civil, political and ethic liberty’s. The more freedom we poses, the bigger the burden and the more we are responsible for. This causes some of us to desire less freedom in favour of support for those who will decide for us, freedom then becomes a negative situation from which we try to escape.
Erich Fromm’s book Escape from Freedom explains how freedom comes at a price. He believes “That modern man, freed from the bonds of pre-individualistic society, which simultaneously gave him security and limited him, has not gained freedom in the positive sense of the realization of his individual self, that is, the expression of his intellectual, emotional and sensuous potentialities. Freedom, though it has brought him independence and rationality, has made him isolated and, thereby, anxious and powerless.”(forward x) Fromm believes we feel lonely and isolated due to our separation from nature and each other. We are the only species of animal to feel this isolation, he thereby refers to it as the human condition.
Fromm takes a social-psychological approach by combining the theories of Freud and Marx. Freud’s theories of psychoanalysis focussed on the individual self, while Marx’s views pertained to society as a whole. Fromm breaks his structure of thinking into three groups His purpose in studying and writing about this subject is because he believes this to be the main crisis of our time. The initial version of this book was first written during the
reign of the Nazi party over Germany. Fromm’s goal was to develop a clear understanding of how such an evil organization could become so powerful. The fact that Nazi party gained control of a democratic nation shows that this could happen even in todays free world. Hitler’s rise to power was a combination of economic, political and psychological issues facing Germans at that time. The Nazi party appealed to the lack of patriotism facing the country, after the loss of the first world war.
Fromms most significant argument in this text are the three ways in which he believes we escape from freedom Authoritarianism, Destructiveness and Automation Conformity. Authoritarianism, according to Fromm, can be approached in two ways. One is to submit to the power of others, and the second is to make others submit to your power. In both cases Fromm believes you escape your individual self, and thus have lost your freedom. Fromm refers to these extreme forms of Authoritarianism as Masochistic and Sadistic. Masochism is when we avoid freedom and individuality by submitting to the powers of others to compensate for a lack of strength. The other extreme form being sadism, which Fromm believes can be broken into three different types intertwined together. The first is to create unrestricted power of dependency, the second is to not only rule over others but to cripple their liberties, and finally the third is a desire to make and see others suffer() Fromm uses the example of Authoritarianism to explain how Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party convinced so many to follow him on his mission to remove all liberties, including life, from their supposed enemies, the Jews. Both the masochistic and sadistic forms of authoritarianism solve the problem of anxiety associated with freedom, by destroying the individual self. Fromm refers to these traits as symbiosis. “Symbiosis, in the psychological sense, means the union of one individual selfwith another self (or any other power outside of the own self) in such a way as to make each lose the integrity of its own self and to make them completely dependent on each other.”(p.157) Destructiveness as a form of escape can easily be confused with sadism and masochism. Fromm argues the close relation between sadism and destructiveness by explaining their differences. “Sadism is not identical with destructiveness, although it is to a great extent blended with it. The destructive person wants to destroy the object, that is, to do away with it and to get rid of it. The sadist wants to dominate his object and therefore suffers a loss if his object disappears.”(p.158) In this text Fromm also states that sado-masochistic behaviour is often hidden under the guise of love, yet the true meaning of the act is generally due to one’s enjoyment of dependence or domination. The destructive person escapes isolation and weakness by destroying the world around them. These people feel the need to be destructive to the world in order to stop it from destroying them. This Destructivenss also refers to the desire to destroy those with power. This destruction can be channelled in several different ways, such as, hate groups, religion and patriotism. These actions can be rationalized by the mentally ill who turn to this form of “escaping freedom.”() This behaviour can lead to acts of vandalism, hatred, such as racism and crime in general. Destructiveness can also be focused inward resulting in a self-destructive mentality. The most severe example being suicide. Hatred and Destructiveness stem out of frustration from attempts to live and act creatively. The positive energy is transformed into destructive energy. Automation Conformity is the most common way in which we “escape from freedom.” Fromm states that out of a fear of alones we conform to the mass of society. By acting, doing, believing and looking the same as everyone else we gain a sense of power. Through the masses we gain the comfort of being a part of something and belonging, thus empowering ourselves. At the same time this denies us of our individuality and changes our natural selves. Thus in conforming to the model of society, there is no reason to acknowledge your freedom or responsibility. Fromm believes people to be products of the society that they grew up in. The behaviours we have come to know as normal, are learned, therefore natural to us. Fromm traces idea of society back to the middle ages, he shows how the structure has changed. As a reaction to this our individual needs and place in this world have changed. In the society of the middle ages people thought of themselves as having a pre-determined place in life, such as servents, royalty and tradesman. As we moved into modernity people began to realize and fight for the benefits of freedom. Fromms theories are also relevant in the world today. Not only do these ideas apply to the facist dictators of the Middle east, they are also extremely relevant in our so called “free” western society.
“Escape from Freedom” introduces the reader to psychoanalytic theory and how it applies to thre understanding of society, giving reasons as to why we act the way we do. This text also delves into the psychology of facism and authoritarianism, explaining how such systems are capable of gaining so much power. Fromm covers all areas of his argument in depth, he explains where we started from and where we need to be. While this text ‘Escape from Freedom, offers many insights into the history and psychology of society and the structure ivolved. Erich Fromm wrote this text with the purpose of gaining some insight as to how the Nazi party gained so much power in previously democratic society. Fromms main problem seems to be his tendency to over generalize about the world. He makes assumptions supported by nothing more than his own beliefs. Fromm attempts to draw parallels between human behaviour and society backed by nothing more than philosophy and his own assumptions. Ideas are taken as facts, assuming that psychology is the truth. The subject matter seems to personal for fromm to be fairly objective between his search for the truth and what he believes to be right. All in all, ‘Escape from Freedom’ is a very relevant worth while read. The subject matter brings up valuable theroies which might have gone unnoticed if not for the passion of Erich fromm. This text provides important insights into the inner workings of society. Whether or not these ideas are entirely factual, they must not be ignored, Instead we must embrace them and attempt to explore them further.
Mind that the sample papers like escape from freedom-review presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Escape from Freedom- An Academic Review
Over the course of history, man’s desire for complete freedom has been overcome by the responsibilities and dangers involved with liberty. Freedom can represent different things to people, this can entail civil, political and ethic liberty’s. The more freedom we poses, the bigger the burden and the more we are responsible for. This causes some of us to desire less freedom in favour of support for those who will decide for us, freedom then becomes a negative situation from which we try to escape.
Erich Fromm’s book Escape from Freedom explains how freedom comes at a price. He believes “That modern man, freed from the bonds of pre-individualistic society, which simultaneously gave him security and limited him, has not gained freedom in the positive sense of the realization of his individual self, that is, the expression of his intellectual, emotional and sensuous potentialities. Freedom, though it has brought him independence and rationality, has made him isolated and, thereby, anxious and powerless.”(forward x) Fromm believes we feel lonely and isolated due to our separation from nature and each other. We are the only species of animal to feel this isolation, he thereby refers to it as the human condition.
Fromm takes a social-psychological approach by combining the theories of Freud and Marx. Freud’s theories of psychoanalysis focussed on the individual self, while Marx’s views pertained to society as a whole. Fromm breaks his structure of thinking into three groups His purpose in studying and writing about this subject is because he believes this to be the main crisis of our time. The initial version of this book was first written during the
reign of the Nazi party over Germany. Fromm’s goal was to develop a clear understanding of how such an evil organization could become so powerful. The fact that Nazi party gained control of a democratic nation shows that this could happen even in todays free world. Hitler’s rise to power was a combination of economic, political and psychological issues facing Germans at that time. The Nazi party appealed to the lack of patriotism facing the country, after the loss of the first world war.
Fromms most significant argument in this text are the three ways in which he believes we escape from freedom Authoritarianism, Destructiveness and Automation Conformity. Authoritarianism, according to Fromm, can be approached in two ways. One is to submit to the power of others, and the second is to make others submit to your power. In both cases Fromm believes you escape your individual self, and thus have lost your freedom. Fromm refers to these extreme forms of Authoritarianism as Masochistic and Sadistic. Masochism is when we avoid freedom and individuality by submitting to the powers of others to compensate for a lack of strength. The other extreme form being sadism, which Fromm believes can be broken into three different types intertwined together. The first is to create unrestricted power of dependency, the second is to not only rule over others but to cripple their liberties, and finally the third is a desire to make and see others suffer() Fromm uses the example of Authoritarianism to explain how Adolf Hitler and the Nazi party convinced so many to follow him on his mission to remove all liberties, including life, from their supposed enemies, the Jews. Both the masochistic and sadistic forms of authoritarianism solve the problem of anxiety associated with freedom, by destroying the individual self. Fromm refers to these traits as symbiosis. “Symbiosis, in the psychological sense, means the union of one individual selfwith another self (or any other power outside of the own self) in such a way as to make each lose the integrity of its own self and to make them completely dependent on each other.”(p.157) Destructiveness as a form of escape can easily be confused with sadism and masochism. Fromm argues the close relation between sadism and destructiveness by explaining their differences. “Sadism is not identical with destructiveness, although it is to a great extent blended with it. The destructive person wants to destroy the object, that is, to do away with it and to get rid of it. The sadist wants to dominate his object and therefore suffers a loss if his object disappears.”(p.158) In this text Fromm also states that sado-masochistic behaviour is often hidden under the guise of love, yet the true meaning of the act is generally due to one’s enjoyment of dependence or domination. The destructive person escapes isolation and weakness by destroying the world around them. These people feel the need to be destructive to the world in order to stop it from destroying them. This Destructivenss also refers to the desire to destroy those with power. This destruction can be channelled in several different ways, such as, hate groups, religion and patriotism. These actions can be rationalized by the mentally ill who turn to this form of “escaping freedom.”() This behaviour can lead to acts of vandalism, hatred, such as racism and crime in general. Destructiveness can also be focused inward resulting in a self-destructive mentality. The most severe example being suicide. Hatred and Destructiveness stem out of frustration from attempts to live and act creatively. The positive energy is transformed into destructive energy. Automation Conformity is the most common way in which we “escape from freedom.” Fromm states that out of a fear of alones we conform to the mass of society. By acting, doing, believing and looking the same as everyone else we gain a sense of power. Through the masses we gain the comfort of being a part of something and belonging, thus empowering ourselves. At the same time this denies us of our individuality and changes our natural selves. Thus in conforming to the model of society, there is no reason to acknowledge your freedom or responsibility. Fromm believes people to be products of the society that they grew up in. The behaviours we have come to know as normal, are learned, therefore natural to us. Fromm traces idea of society back to the middle ages, he shows how the structure has changed. As a reaction to this our individual needs and place in this world have changed. In the society of the middle ages people thought of themselves as having a pre-determined place in life, such as servents, royalty and tradesman. As we moved into modernity people began to realize and fight for the benefits of freedom. Fromms theories are also relevant in the world today. Not only do these ideas apply to the facist dictators of the Middle east, they are also extremely relevant in our so called “free” western society.
“Escape from Freedom” introduces the reader to psychoanalytic theory and how it applies to thre understanding of society, giving reasons as to why we act the way we do. This text also delves into the psychology of facism and authoritarianism, explaining how such systems are capable of gaining so much power. Fromm covers all areas of his argument in depth, he explains where we started from and where we need to be. While this text ‘Escape from Freedom, offers many insights into the history and psychology of society and the structure ivolved. Erich Fromm wrote this text with the purpose of gaining some insight as to how the Nazi party gained so much power in previously democratic society. Fromms main problem seems to be his tendency to over generalize about the world. He makes assumptions supported by nothing more than his own beliefs. Fromm attempts to draw parallels between human behaviour and society backed by nothing more than philosophy and his own assumptions. Ideas are taken as facts, assuming that psychology is the truth. The subject matter seems to personal for fromm to be fairly objective between his search for the truth and what he believes to be right. All in all, ‘Escape from Freedom’ is a very relevant worth while read. The subject matter brings up valuable theroies which might have gone unnoticed if not for the passion of Erich fromm. This text provides important insights into the inner workings of society. Whether or not these ideas are entirely factual, they must not be ignored, Instead we must embrace them and attempt to explore them further.
Mind that the sample papers like escape from freedom-review presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Sunday 2 September 2012
Hello whats going on
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Hello whats going on even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Hello whats going on in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
CJ Search is our managed search solution for advertisers that has been designed to complement and promote your search efforts. Based on the belief that a well-managed search marketing solution should include the efforts of an advertisers publisher base, CJ Search successfully combines affiliate marketing and search marketing.
For those wondering what happened to the Booker T I Remember note storyline, WWE officially dropped plans to continue the angle.
I have it confirmed Goldust was set to be the author of the note, but once it was decided he would be released, they dropped the storyline. What is not known at this point is whether it wouldve brought back Goldust and Booker T as allies, or if the two wouldve feuded.
It is not expected that WWE will acknowledge the storyline again, since its gone several weeks without follow-up, but it is always on the backburner in case WWE comes up with something.
It is not expected that WWE will acknowledge the storyline again, since its gone several weeks without follow-up, but it is always on the backburner in case WWE comes up with something.
It is not expected that WWE will acknowledge the storyline again, since its gone several weeks without follow-up, but it is always on the backburner in case WWE comes up with something.
It is not expected that WWE will acknowledge the storyline again, since its gone several weeks without follow-up, but it is always on the backburner in case WWE comes up with something.
It is not expected that WWE will acknowledge the storyline again, since its gone several weeks without follow-up, but it is always on the backburner in case WWE comes up with something.
It is not expected that WWE will acknowledge the storyline again, since its gone several weeks without follow-up, but it is always on the backburner in case WWE comes up with something.
It is not expected that WWE will acknowledge the storyline again, since its gone several weeks without follow-up, but it is always on the backburner in case WWE comes up with something.
Mind that the sample papers like Hello whats going on presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
CJ Search is our managed search solution for advertisers that has been designed to complement and promote your search efforts. Based on the belief that a well-managed search marketing solution should include the efforts of an advertisers publisher base, CJ Search successfully combines affiliate marketing and search marketing.
For those wondering what happened to the Booker T I Remember note storyline, WWE officially dropped plans to continue the angle.
I have it confirmed Goldust was set to be the author of the note, but once it was decided he would be released, they dropped the storyline. What is not known at this point is whether it wouldve brought back Goldust and Booker T as allies, or if the two wouldve feuded.
It is not expected that WWE will acknowledge the storyline again, since its gone several weeks without follow-up, but it is always on the backburner in case WWE comes up with something.
It is not expected that WWE will acknowledge the storyline again, since its gone several weeks without follow-up, but it is always on the backburner in case WWE comes up with something.
It is not expected that WWE will acknowledge the storyline again, since its gone several weeks without follow-up, but it is always on the backburner in case WWE comes up with something.
It is not expected that WWE will acknowledge the storyline again, since its gone several weeks without follow-up, but it is always on the backburner in case WWE comes up with something.
It is not expected that WWE will acknowledge the storyline again, since its gone several weeks without follow-up, but it is always on the backburner in case WWE comes up with something.
It is not expected that WWE will acknowledge the storyline again, since its gone several weeks without follow-up, but it is always on the backburner in case WWE comes up with something.
It is not expected that WWE will acknowledge the storyline again, since its gone several weeks without follow-up, but it is always on the backburner in case WWE comes up with something.
Mind that the sample papers like Hello whats going on presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Wednesday 22 August 2012
DOING BUSINESS IN AN INDUSTRY WITH DIFFICULTECONOMICS—FOOD MASTER'S EXPERIENCE IN DAIRYPROCESSING AND MARKETING IN KAZAKHSTAN
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Introduction
This Discussion Paper used the following quote from investor, Warren Buffett, as part of
the framework for analyzing the experience of Food Master (a dairy processing and
marketing firm) in Kazakhstans dairy business []
When a management with a reputation for brilliance tackles a business with a
reputation for poor fundamental economics, it is the reputation of the business that
remains intact.
Findings relating to favorable and unfavorable economics provide insights about dairy
marketing and processing conditions in Kazakhstan. Food Master, a dominant dairy
processing and marketing firm in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan, and an important dairy
firm in Astana (Akmola region) has found itself in a business with difficult fundamental
economics. And despite having excellent top management and doing many things correctly,
this case firm lost money in 1 and was forced to restructure. While there have been
positive developments for the business in 000 and 001, the firms long-term profit
prospects are uncertain.
The paper provides background information on Food Master, describing the firms excellent
top management, what the firm did right, what went wrong in the late 10s, why Food
Master will continue to face difficult economics, and lessons from Food Masters
experience for investors and Kazakhstans government agencies.
Background Information on Food Master
The ownership of Food Master is split between Developed Technology Resources, Inc.
(DTR) and Agribusiness Partners International (API), both U.S. firms. DTR owns a 0%
share and API a 70% share of Food Master.
Food Master owns a controlling interest in eight dairy firms, five in Kazakhstan, two in
Moldova, and one in Ukraine.
The firm has a 50% to 55% market share of fluid milk sales in the Almaty region and lower
market shares in the Akmola region.
The origins of Food Masters operations in Kazakhstan began in Almaty, Kazakhstan in
15 as a joint venture between DTR and the Kazakh firm, Ak-Bulak Dairy.
In March 17, DTR and API formed Food Master. DTR contributed its dairy businesses
in Almaty, Kazakhstan and API contributed U.S.$6.0 million in cash to create Food Master.
Food Master reported its first profitable year in March 18. Company sales in
Kazakhstan totaled U.S.$14 million in 18 and were projected to be substantially higher in
1.
However, in April 000 Food Master reported losses of U.S.$6. million for 1. The
losses were deep and spread across the firms dairy operations in Kazakhstan, Moldova, and
Ukraine.
Mr. John Hupp, President of DTR, attributed the losses to sales reductions associated with
the economic crisis that hit Russia in August 18 and spread to Kazakhstan, Moldova, and
Ukraine, negatively affecting Food Masters dairy operations. The crisis saw the
Kazakhstan tenge fall in value from 8 to one U.S. dollar in December 18 down to 1 to
Saulesh Esenova, a native of Kazakhstans Almaty region, was employed as a researcher for the
Global Livestock CRSP and Ph.D. student at McGill University in Canada when this research was
conducted. W.D. Dobson is Professor of Agricultural & Applied Economics, Co-Director of the
Babcock Institute, and Director of the Renk Agribusiness Institute at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Doing Business in an Industry with Difficult Economics�Food Masters Experience in Dairy Processing
and Marketing in Kazakhstan
Babcock Institute Discussion Paper No. 001-1
one U.S. dollar at the end of 1 (over 60%), reducing the dollar value of the firms
earnings and increasing the price of imported inputs.
In mid-1, Food Master began to restructure by eliminating certain dollar-denominated
expenses and by adopting rationalization measures.
Food Masters Excellent Top Management
Food Master experienced problems in Kazakhstan despite the presence of strong top
management for DTR and Food Master. The strength of the top management for the two
firms derives from the background and experience of Mr. John Hupp and Mr. Erlan
Sagadiev.
Mr. John Hupp, DTR President, has good Russian language skills and had extensive
business experience in Russia and the former Soviet Union before joining DTR.
Mr. Erlan Sagadiev, General Director of Food Master in Kazakhstan, is fluent in Russian
and English. He is a native of Kazakhstan who completed a graduate education in the U.S.,
has a prestigious family background, and possesses good political connections in
Kazakhstan.
Hupp characterized Sagadievs value to the firm as follows Erlan Sagadiev is the real
reason that DTR went into Kazakhstan. It was Erlans honesty and connections that made
Food Master a reasonably successful business. This success came about because the
company
�Entered via a joint venture with a Kazakh firm.
�Made a well-timed entry.
�Gained potential advantages from entry and exit barriers.
�Made extraordinary efforts to maintain a suitable milk supply.
�Chose effective marketing practices for the firms products.
However, these actions did not shield the firm from incurring losses in 1 and the need to
restructure.
Whether Food Master will achieve above normal profits (or even normal profits) over the
longer-run will depend on whether the firm can consistently overcome challenges associated
with operating in an industry with difficult economics.
What Went Wrong in the Late 10s?
DTR attributed the losses incurred by the firm in 1 mainly to a demand-depressing
regional economic crisis that culminated in devaluation of the tenge.
While the problems encountered by Food Master in the Almaty and Akmola regions that
stem from macroeconomic conditions are arguably transitory, the firm faces other
conditions that will cause difficult economics to persist in Kazakhstans dairy industry.
Why Food Master Will Continue to Face Difficult Economics
The firm will continue to face difficult economic conditions because
�Capable middle and lower-level managers will remain in short supply.
�Quality milk will remain scarce.
�The Akmola region presents unique problems.
�Credit constraints exist.
�Corruption.
Problems associated with obtaining an adequate supply of quality milk and corruption are
likely to be deep-seated, long-term problems for the firm. Milk production declined % in
Kazakhstan from 10 to 18 in response to adverse developments that�for the most
part�still persist.
The dearth of capable middle and lower managers, problems in the Akmola region, and
credit shortages should be manageable, intermediate-term problems.
It is too early to tell how profitable Food Masters operations will be in Kazakhstan over the
longer-run. Despite the persistence of problems, there is little reason that DTR and Food
Master should, in the language of Warren Buffett, change vessels rather than continue to
patch leaks.
There is an encouraging sign for Food Master�DTRs shares, which trade as a NASDAQ
BB stock in the U.S., rose in price during February 001.
What Are the Lessons for Investors in Kazakhstans Dairy Industry?
Food Master was probably positioned better than most foreign-Kazakh joint venture firms
to succeed in Kazakhstans dairy industry. Therefore, other investors should be prepared to
encounter problems at least as difficult as those experienced by Food Master in
Kazakhstan.
Lessons for investors, ranked in order of importance, are as follows
�Dependable supplies of quality milk will be difficult for many processors to obtain for
the foreseeable future.
�Corruption will be a problem for foreign-based processors that fail to employ a politically
well-connected Kazakh in the business.
�Dairy processing and marketing firms will need to devote substantial efforts to training
programs to give employees management and marketing skills needed to operate under
market conditions in Kazakhstan.
�Credit and equity capital for use in Kazakhstans dairy businesses will remain scarce
and/or costly.
�Due diligence inquiries will assume importance for dairy processing and marketing
investments in all parts of Kazakhstan.
What are the Lessons for Kazakhstans Government?
Certain problems affecting Food Master and the firms domestic competitors have
implications for government agencies wishing to foster sound investments in Kazakhstans
dairy processing and marketing businesses, and in dairy farming. These relate mainly to
credit availability, milk supply, and corruption.
�Credit problems will defy easy solution by government agencies. The problem is both
one of lack of available credit for dairy processors and dairy farmers and, at times, high
real interest rates.
�A possible cost-effective way for Kazakhstans government agencies to ensure that more
credit becomes available to dairy processing and marketing firms, and to dairy farmers
would be to expand guarantees of credit provided by banks and other commercial
lenders.
�Infusions of capital and skilled management into dairy farming will be needed to foster
an environment where mid-sized and larger dairy farms can be established with
reasonable prospects for success. Expansion of credit guarantees, business management
assistance to farmers, and improved terms of trade for dairy farmers are called for to deal
with this problem.
�Corruption is an impediment to foreign investment in dairy processing and other
agricultural businesses in Kazakhstan. This problem must be addressed by government
if it is to be reduced.
Doing Business in an Industry with Difficult Economics�Food Masters Experience in Dairy Processing
and Marketing in Kazakhstan
DOING BUSINESS IN AN INDUSTRY WITH DIFFICULT ECONOMICS�
FOOD MASTERS EXPERIENCE IN DAIRY PROCESSING AND MARKETING
IN KAZAKHSTAN
Saulesh Esenova and W. D. Dobson
Introduction
When a management with a reputation for brilliance tackles a business with a reputation for
poor fundamental economics, it is the reputation of the business that remains intact.
Warren Buffett []
This simple point describes an important part of the management philosophy of Warren Buffett,
one of the worlds most successful investors. Interestingly, Buffetts comment provides a useful
framework for analyzing the experience of Food Master (a dairy processing and marketing firm
discussed at length in this paper) in Kazakhstans dairy business. In short, Buffett contends that
investors should avoid businesses with difficult economics. He adds that Should you find
yourself in a chronically leaking boat, energy devoted to changing vessels is likely to be more
productive than energy devoted to patching leaks [, p. 47]. Buffett concedes that businesses with
good fundamental economics cannot be identified with engineering precision. However, he
provides guidance on this point, suggesting that securities in companies selling commodity-like
products should come with a warning label that, competition may prove hazardous to human
wealth.
Buffett emphasizes that management foibles, which he labels as the institutional imperative,
can exacerbate the effects of difficult economics [, pp. 5-6]. In this connection, he argues that
(a) as if governed by Newtons first law of motion, an institution will resist any change in its current
direction, (b) just as work expands to fill available time, corporate projects or acquisitions will
materialize to soak up available funds, (c) any business craving of the leader, however foolish, will
be quickly supported by detailed rate-of-return and strategic studies prepared by his troops, and
(d) the behavior of peer companies, whether they are expanding, acquiring, setting executive
compensation or whatever, will be mindlessly imitated.
Michael Porter, a well-known business strategist at Harvards Business School, offers similar
arguments relating to good fundamental economics and difficult economics�albeit in less colorful
language, pointing out that [16, pp. -4]
Not all industries have the same potential. They differ fundamentally in their ultimate
profit potential as the collective strength of the forces (driving industry competition) differs;
the forces range from intense in industries like tires, paper, and steel�where no firm earns
spectacular returns�to relatively mild in industries like oil-field equipment and services,
cosmetics, and toiletries�where high returns are quite common.
Porter indicates that the four primary forces affecting industry competitors and rivalry among
existing firms are (a) bargaining power of suppliers, (b) threat of new entrants, (c) bargaining power
of buyers, and (d) threat of substitute products or services. In an earlier paper, the authors found
that lack of bargaining power of milk suppliers has an important impact on competitive conditions
in Kazakhstans dairy industry []. Most milk suppliers in Kazakhstan have so little bargaining
power that it is difficult for them to stay in business.
What do the arguments about favorable or unfavorable fundamental economics have to do
with dairy marketing and processing in Kazakhstan? Quite a bit it turns out.
Food Master International (Food Master), a dominant dairy processing and marketing firm in
the Almaty region of Kazakhstan, and an important dairy firm in Astana (Akmola region), has
found itself in a business with difficult fundamental economics. Despite having excellent top
management and doing many things correctly, the firm incurred losses in 1 and was forced to
restructure. Food Masters experience provides important lessons for other firms planning to invest
in Kazakhstans dairy businesses and for government policy to encourage sound investments in
Kazakhstans dairy industry.
This Discussion Paper provides background information on Food Master. It describes the
firms excellent top management, what the firm did right, what went wrong for the firm in the late
10s, why Food Master will continue to face difficult economics, and lessons based on Food
Masters experience for investors and Kazakhstans government agencies. The paper reflects
insights gained by the authors from interviews conducted in Kazakhstan in the summer and fall of
000.
I. Background Information on Food Master
The ownership of Food Master (a limited liability company) is split between Developed
Technology Resources, Inc. (DTR) and Agribusiness Partners International (API), both U.S.
firms [4]. DTR owns a 0% share and API a 70% share of Food Master. Food Master currently
owns a controlling interest in eight dairy firms�five in Kazakhstan, two in Moldova, and one in
Ukraine. Food Masters dairy plants in Kazakhstan are located in Almaty (Kazakhstans largest city
and former capital), Yessyk, Chimkent, Kurdai and Astana (Kazakhstans new capital). Figure 1
shows the location of the cities of Almaty and Astana.
The firm has a 50% to 55% share of fluid milk sales in the Almaty region. Food Masters
market shares are lower in Astana�about 45% of the fluid milk market, 0% of the kefir market,
and 1% of the ice cream market in the winter [4]. The firms market shares for fluid milk items
in the Akmola region, in particular, decline in the summer when farmer-distributors become strong
competitors.
The origins of Food Masters operations in Kazakhstan�the main focus of this paper�began
in Almaty, Kazakhstan in 15 as a joint venture between DTR and the Kazakh firm, Ak-Bulak
Dairy. The joint venture business began with the production of yogurt and expanded into kefir,
fluid milk, fluid cream, sour cream, ice cream, cheeses, fruit juices, and snack foods. Food Master
subsequently bought the kefir business of the joint venture partner, reducing the contribution of Ak-Bulak
Dairy to the business.
More detailed information on the evolution of DTR, API, and Food Master and selected
financial data for the firms appear below [4,6]
March 17 DTR and API formed Food Master. DTR contributed its dairy businesses in
Almaty, Kazakhstan and API contributed $6 million in cash.
March 17 Food Masters operations in Astana, Kazakhstan were established.
October 17 Food Master Kazakhstan revenues grew from $.7 million in 16 to
$8.18 million in 17.
March 18 DTR reported the first profitable year in its history. Company sales in
Kazakhstan totaled U.S.$14 million in 18 and were projected to be substantially higher in
1.
October 18 API committed an additional $6 million for expansion of Food Master.
August 1 The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) became
an investor in the firms Kazakhstan operations. The EBRD investment provided working
capital to complete Food Masters state-of-the-art fruit juice and milk packaging plant in
Kazakhstan.
April 000 Food Master reported losses of $6. million for 1. The losses were deep
and spread across dairy locations in Kazakhstan, Moldova, and Ukraine.
Mr. John Hupp, President of DTR, attributed the losses to a regional economic crisis, as
follows in April 000 [1]
The economic crisis that hit Russia in August 18 significantly affected our businesses
in Kazakhstan, Moldova, and Ukraine in late 18 and early 1. The crisis saw the
Kazakhstan tenge fall from 8 tenge to the dollar in December 18 to 1 to the dollar at
the end of 1, with similar devaluations in Moldova and Ukraine. The crisis occurred at
the same time Food Master was investing in new dairy assets, including our state-of-the-art
aseptic juice and milk packaging factory in Kazakhstan. Unfortunately the currency
devaluation was not matched by internal inflation within these countries, making it impossible
to raise prices sufficiently to maintain margins (emphasis supplied). Demand dropped with
price increases, creating overcapacity and difficulty in covering overhead expenses, many of
which were dollar denominated expenses.
Hupp described the restructuring that was undertaken to deal with Food Masters losses, as
follows [1]
In mid-1, some initial restructuring began, with the elimination of some of the ex-patriate,
dollar-based employee expenses. In the summer of 1, more than 00 employees
at our Ukraine operation were terminated to bring expenses in line with reduced margins. In
November of 1, DTR and Agribusiness Partners International agreed to eliminate the
overhead in Minneapolis and move the management to the local levels. Further cuts in ex-patriate
employee wages were made in December.
Hupp described Food Masters problems as stemming mainly from a regional economic crisis.
This was clearly an important cause of the firms losses. However, as noted later, the problems
facing Food Master extend beyond those associated with the regional crisis.
Mind that the sample papers like DOING BUSINESS IN AN INDUSTRY WITH DIFFICULTECONOMICS—FOOD MASTER'S EXPERIENCE IN DAIRYPROCESSING AND MARKETING IN KAZAKHSTAN presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Introduction
This Discussion Paper used the following quote from investor, Warren Buffett, as part of
the framework for analyzing the experience of Food Master (a dairy processing and
marketing firm) in Kazakhstans dairy business []
When a management with a reputation for brilliance tackles a business with a
reputation for poor fundamental economics, it is the reputation of the business that
remains intact.
Findings relating to favorable and unfavorable economics provide insights about dairy
marketing and processing conditions in Kazakhstan. Food Master, a dominant dairy
processing and marketing firm in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan, and an important dairy
firm in Astana (Akmola region) has found itself in a business with difficult fundamental
economics. And despite having excellent top management and doing many things correctly,
this case firm lost money in 1 and was forced to restructure. While there have been
positive developments for the business in 000 and 001, the firms long-term profit
prospects are uncertain.
The paper provides background information on Food Master, describing the firms excellent
top management, what the firm did right, what went wrong in the late 10s, why Food
Master will continue to face difficult economics, and lessons from Food Masters
experience for investors and Kazakhstans government agencies.
Background Information on Food Master
The ownership of Food Master is split between Developed Technology Resources, Inc.
(DTR) and Agribusiness Partners International (API), both U.S. firms. DTR owns a 0%
share and API a 70% share of Food Master.
Food Master owns a controlling interest in eight dairy firms, five in Kazakhstan, two in
Moldova, and one in Ukraine.
The firm has a 50% to 55% market share of fluid milk sales in the Almaty region and lower
market shares in the Akmola region.
The origins of Food Masters operations in Kazakhstan began in Almaty, Kazakhstan in
15 as a joint venture between DTR and the Kazakh firm, Ak-Bulak Dairy.
In March 17, DTR and API formed Food Master. DTR contributed its dairy businesses
in Almaty, Kazakhstan and API contributed U.S.$6.0 million in cash to create Food Master.
Food Master reported its first profitable year in March 18. Company sales in
Kazakhstan totaled U.S.$14 million in 18 and were projected to be substantially higher in
1.
However, in April 000 Food Master reported losses of U.S.$6. million for 1. The
losses were deep and spread across the firms dairy operations in Kazakhstan, Moldova, and
Ukraine.
Mr. John Hupp, President of DTR, attributed the losses to sales reductions associated with
the economic crisis that hit Russia in August 18 and spread to Kazakhstan, Moldova, and
Ukraine, negatively affecting Food Masters dairy operations. The crisis saw the
Kazakhstan tenge fall in value from 8 to one U.S. dollar in December 18 down to 1 to
Saulesh Esenova, a native of Kazakhstans Almaty region, was employed as a researcher for the
Global Livestock CRSP and Ph.D. student at McGill University in Canada when this research was
conducted. W.D. Dobson is Professor of Agricultural & Applied Economics, Co-Director of the
Babcock Institute, and Director of the Renk Agribusiness Institute at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Doing Business in an Industry with Difficult Economics�Food Masters Experience in Dairy Processing
and Marketing in Kazakhstan
Babcock Institute Discussion Paper No. 001-1
one U.S. dollar at the end of 1 (over 60%), reducing the dollar value of the firms
earnings and increasing the price of imported inputs.
In mid-1, Food Master began to restructure by eliminating certain dollar-denominated
expenses and by adopting rationalization measures.
Food Masters Excellent Top Management
Food Master experienced problems in Kazakhstan despite the presence of strong top
management for DTR and Food Master. The strength of the top management for the two
firms derives from the background and experience of Mr. John Hupp and Mr. Erlan
Sagadiev.
Mr. John Hupp, DTR President, has good Russian language skills and had extensive
business experience in Russia and the former Soviet Union before joining DTR.
Mr. Erlan Sagadiev, General Director of Food Master in Kazakhstan, is fluent in Russian
and English. He is a native of Kazakhstan who completed a graduate education in the U.S.,
has a prestigious family background, and possesses good political connections in
Kazakhstan.
Hupp characterized Sagadievs value to the firm as follows Erlan Sagadiev is the real
reason that DTR went into Kazakhstan. It was Erlans honesty and connections that made
Food Master a reasonably successful business. This success came about because the
company
�Entered via a joint venture with a Kazakh firm.
�Made a well-timed entry.
�Gained potential advantages from entry and exit barriers.
�Made extraordinary efforts to maintain a suitable milk supply.
�Chose effective marketing practices for the firms products.
However, these actions did not shield the firm from incurring losses in 1 and the need to
restructure.
Whether Food Master will achieve above normal profits (or even normal profits) over the
longer-run will depend on whether the firm can consistently overcome challenges associated
with operating in an industry with difficult economics.
What Went Wrong in the Late 10s?
DTR attributed the losses incurred by the firm in 1 mainly to a demand-depressing
regional economic crisis that culminated in devaluation of the tenge.
While the problems encountered by Food Master in the Almaty and Akmola regions that
stem from macroeconomic conditions are arguably transitory, the firm faces other
conditions that will cause difficult economics to persist in Kazakhstans dairy industry.
Why Food Master Will Continue to Face Difficult Economics
The firm will continue to face difficult economic conditions because
�Capable middle and lower-level managers will remain in short supply.
�Quality milk will remain scarce.
�The Akmola region presents unique problems.
�Credit constraints exist.
�Corruption.
Problems associated with obtaining an adequate supply of quality milk and corruption are
likely to be deep-seated, long-term problems for the firm. Milk production declined % in
Kazakhstan from 10 to 18 in response to adverse developments that�for the most
part�still persist.
The dearth of capable middle and lower managers, problems in the Akmola region, and
credit shortages should be manageable, intermediate-term problems.
It is too early to tell how profitable Food Masters operations will be in Kazakhstan over the
longer-run. Despite the persistence of problems, there is little reason that DTR and Food
Master should, in the language of Warren Buffett, change vessels rather than continue to
patch leaks.
There is an encouraging sign for Food Master�DTRs shares, which trade as a NASDAQ
BB stock in the U.S., rose in price during February 001.
What Are the Lessons for Investors in Kazakhstans Dairy Industry?
Food Master was probably positioned better than most foreign-Kazakh joint venture firms
to succeed in Kazakhstans dairy industry. Therefore, other investors should be prepared to
encounter problems at least as difficult as those experienced by Food Master in
Kazakhstan.
Lessons for investors, ranked in order of importance, are as follows
�Dependable supplies of quality milk will be difficult for many processors to obtain for
the foreseeable future.
�Corruption will be a problem for foreign-based processors that fail to employ a politically
well-connected Kazakh in the business.
�Dairy processing and marketing firms will need to devote substantial efforts to training
programs to give employees management and marketing skills needed to operate under
market conditions in Kazakhstan.
�Credit and equity capital for use in Kazakhstans dairy businesses will remain scarce
and/or costly.
�Due diligence inquiries will assume importance for dairy processing and marketing
investments in all parts of Kazakhstan.
What are the Lessons for Kazakhstans Government?
Certain problems affecting Food Master and the firms domestic competitors have
implications for government agencies wishing to foster sound investments in Kazakhstans
dairy processing and marketing businesses, and in dairy farming. These relate mainly to
credit availability, milk supply, and corruption.
�Credit problems will defy easy solution by government agencies. The problem is both
one of lack of available credit for dairy processors and dairy farmers and, at times, high
real interest rates.
�A possible cost-effective way for Kazakhstans government agencies to ensure that more
credit becomes available to dairy processing and marketing firms, and to dairy farmers
would be to expand guarantees of credit provided by banks and other commercial
lenders.
�Infusions of capital and skilled management into dairy farming will be needed to foster
an environment where mid-sized and larger dairy farms can be established with
reasonable prospects for success. Expansion of credit guarantees, business management
assistance to farmers, and improved terms of trade for dairy farmers are called for to deal
with this problem.
�Corruption is an impediment to foreign investment in dairy processing and other
agricultural businesses in Kazakhstan. This problem must be addressed by government
if it is to be reduced.
Doing Business in an Industry with Difficult Economics�Food Masters Experience in Dairy Processing
and Marketing in Kazakhstan
DOING BUSINESS IN AN INDUSTRY WITH DIFFICULT ECONOMICS�
FOOD MASTERS EXPERIENCE IN DAIRY PROCESSING AND MARKETING
IN KAZAKHSTAN
Saulesh Esenova and W. D. Dobson
Introduction
When a management with a reputation for brilliance tackles a business with a reputation for
poor fundamental economics, it is the reputation of the business that remains intact.
Warren Buffett []
This simple point describes an important part of the management philosophy of Warren Buffett,
one of the worlds most successful investors. Interestingly, Buffetts comment provides a useful
framework for analyzing the experience of Food Master (a dairy processing and marketing firm
discussed at length in this paper) in Kazakhstans dairy business. In short, Buffett contends that
investors should avoid businesses with difficult economics. He adds that Should you find
yourself in a chronically leaking boat, energy devoted to changing vessels is likely to be more
productive than energy devoted to patching leaks [, p. 47]. Buffett concedes that businesses with
good fundamental economics cannot be identified with engineering precision. However, he
provides guidance on this point, suggesting that securities in companies selling commodity-like
products should come with a warning label that, competition may prove hazardous to human
wealth.
Buffett emphasizes that management foibles, which he labels as the institutional imperative,
can exacerbate the effects of difficult economics [, pp. 5-6]. In this connection, he argues that
(a) as if governed by Newtons first law of motion, an institution will resist any change in its current
direction, (b) just as work expands to fill available time, corporate projects or acquisitions will
materialize to soak up available funds, (c) any business craving of the leader, however foolish, will
be quickly supported by detailed rate-of-return and strategic studies prepared by his troops, and
(d) the behavior of peer companies, whether they are expanding, acquiring, setting executive
compensation or whatever, will be mindlessly imitated.
Michael Porter, a well-known business strategist at Harvards Business School, offers similar
arguments relating to good fundamental economics and difficult economics�albeit in less colorful
language, pointing out that [16, pp. -4]
Not all industries have the same potential. They differ fundamentally in their ultimate
profit potential as the collective strength of the forces (driving industry competition) differs;
the forces range from intense in industries like tires, paper, and steel�where no firm earns
spectacular returns�to relatively mild in industries like oil-field equipment and services,
cosmetics, and toiletries�where high returns are quite common.
Porter indicates that the four primary forces affecting industry competitors and rivalry among
existing firms are (a) bargaining power of suppliers, (b) threat of new entrants, (c) bargaining power
of buyers, and (d) threat of substitute products or services. In an earlier paper, the authors found
that lack of bargaining power of milk suppliers has an important impact on competitive conditions
in Kazakhstans dairy industry []. Most milk suppliers in Kazakhstan have so little bargaining
power that it is difficult for them to stay in business.
What do the arguments about favorable or unfavorable fundamental economics have to do
with dairy marketing and processing in Kazakhstan? Quite a bit it turns out.
Food Master International (Food Master), a dominant dairy processing and marketing firm in
the Almaty region of Kazakhstan, and an important dairy firm in Astana (Akmola region), has
found itself in a business with difficult fundamental economics. Despite having excellent top
management and doing many things correctly, the firm incurred losses in 1 and was forced to
restructure. Food Masters experience provides important lessons for other firms planning to invest
in Kazakhstans dairy businesses and for government policy to encourage sound investments in
Kazakhstans dairy industry.
This Discussion Paper provides background information on Food Master. It describes the
firms excellent top management, what the firm did right, what went wrong for the firm in the late
10s, why Food Master will continue to face difficult economics, and lessons based on Food
Masters experience for investors and Kazakhstans government agencies. The paper reflects
insights gained by the authors from interviews conducted in Kazakhstan in the summer and fall of
000.
I. Background Information on Food Master
The ownership of Food Master (a limited liability company) is split between Developed
Technology Resources, Inc. (DTR) and Agribusiness Partners International (API), both U.S.
firms [4]. DTR owns a 0% share and API a 70% share of Food Master. Food Master currently
owns a controlling interest in eight dairy firms�five in Kazakhstan, two in Moldova, and one in
Ukraine. Food Masters dairy plants in Kazakhstan are located in Almaty (Kazakhstans largest city
and former capital), Yessyk, Chimkent, Kurdai and Astana (Kazakhstans new capital). Figure 1
shows the location of the cities of Almaty and Astana.
The firm has a 50% to 55% share of fluid milk sales in the Almaty region. Food Masters
market shares are lower in Astana�about 45% of the fluid milk market, 0% of the kefir market,
and 1% of the ice cream market in the winter [4]. The firms market shares for fluid milk items
in the Akmola region, in particular, decline in the summer when farmer-distributors become strong
competitors.
The origins of Food Masters operations in Kazakhstan�the main focus of this paper�began
in Almaty, Kazakhstan in 15 as a joint venture between DTR and the Kazakh firm, Ak-Bulak
Dairy. The joint venture business began with the production of yogurt and expanded into kefir,
fluid milk, fluid cream, sour cream, ice cream, cheeses, fruit juices, and snack foods. Food Master
subsequently bought the kefir business of the joint venture partner, reducing the contribution of Ak-Bulak
Dairy to the business.
More detailed information on the evolution of DTR, API, and Food Master and selected
financial data for the firms appear below [4,6]
March 17 DTR and API formed Food Master. DTR contributed its dairy businesses in
Almaty, Kazakhstan and API contributed $6 million in cash.
March 17 Food Masters operations in Astana, Kazakhstan were established.
October 17 Food Master Kazakhstan revenues grew from $.7 million in 16 to
$8.18 million in 17.
March 18 DTR reported the first profitable year in its history. Company sales in
Kazakhstan totaled U.S.$14 million in 18 and were projected to be substantially higher in
1.
October 18 API committed an additional $6 million for expansion of Food Master.
August 1 The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) became
an investor in the firms Kazakhstan operations. The EBRD investment provided working
capital to complete Food Masters state-of-the-art fruit juice and milk packaging plant in
Kazakhstan.
April 000 Food Master reported losses of $6. million for 1. The losses were deep
and spread across dairy locations in Kazakhstan, Moldova, and Ukraine.
Mr. John Hupp, President of DTR, attributed the losses to a regional economic crisis, as
follows in April 000 [1]
The economic crisis that hit Russia in August 18 significantly affected our businesses
in Kazakhstan, Moldova, and Ukraine in late 18 and early 1. The crisis saw the
Kazakhstan tenge fall from 8 tenge to the dollar in December 18 to 1 to the dollar at
the end of 1, with similar devaluations in Moldova and Ukraine. The crisis occurred at
the same time Food Master was investing in new dairy assets, including our state-of-the-art
aseptic juice and milk packaging factory in Kazakhstan. Unfortunately the currency
devaluation was not matched by internal inflation within these countries, making it impossible
to raise prices sufficiently to maintain margins (emphasis supplied). Demand dropped with
price increases, creating overcapacity and difficulty in covering overhead expenses, many of
which were dollar denominated expenses.
Hupp described the restructuring that was undertaken to deal with Food Masters losses, as
follows [1]
In mid-1, some initial restructuring began, with the elimination of some of the ex-patriate,
dollar-based employee expenses. In the summer of 1, more than 00 employees
at our Ukraine operation were terminated to bring expenses in line with reduced margins. In
November of 1, DTR and Agribusiness Partners International agreed to eliminate the
overhead in Minneapolis and move the management to the local levels. Further cuts in ex-patriate
employee wages were made in December.
Hupp described Food Masters problems as stemming mainly from a regional economic crisis.
This was clearly an important cause of the firms losses. However, as noted later, the problems
facing Food Master extend beyond those associated with the regional crisis.
Mind that the sample papers like DOING BUSINESS IN AN INDUSTRY WITH DIFFICULTECONOMICS—FOOD MASTER'S EXPERIENCE IN DAIRYPROCESSING AND MARKETING IN KAZAKHSTAN presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
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