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Introduction
This Discussion Paper used the following quote from investor, Warren Buffett, as part of
the framework for analyzing the experience of Food Master (a dairy processing and
marketing firm) in Kazakhstans dairy business []
When a management with a reputation for brilliance tackles a business with a
reputation for poor fundamental economics, it is the reputation of the business that
remains intact.
Findings relating to favorable and unfavorable economics provide insights about dairy
marketing and processing conditions in Kazakhstan. Food Master, a dominant dairy
processing and marketing firm in the Almaty region of Kazakhstan, and an important dairy
firm in Astana (Akmola region) has found itself in a business with difficult fundamental
economics. And despite having excellent top management and doing many things correctly,
this case firm lost money in 1 and was forced to restructure. While there have been
positive developments for the business in 000 and 001, the firms long-term profit
prospects are uncertain.
The paper provides background information on Food Master, describing the firms excellent
top management, what the firm did right, what went wrong in the late 10s, why Food
Master will continue to face difficult economics, and lessons from Food Masters
experience for investors and Kazakhstans government agencies.
Background Information on Food Master
The ownership of Food Master is split between Developed Technology Resources, Inc.
(DTR) and Agribusiness Partners International (API), both U.S. firms. DTR owns a 0%
share and API a 70% share of Food Master.
Food Master owns a controlling interest in eight dairy firms, five in Kazakhstan, two in
Moldova, and one in Ukraine.
The firm has a 50% to 55% market share of fluid milk sales in the Almaty region and lower
market shares in the Akmola region.
The origins of Food Masters operations in Kazakhstan began in Almaty, Kazakhstan in
15 as a joint venture between DTR and the Kazakh firm, Ak-Bulak Dairy.
In March 17, DTR and API formed Food Master. DTR contributed its dairy businesses
in Almaty, Kazakhstan and API contributed U.S.$6.0 million in cash to create Food Master.
Food Master reported its first profitable year in March 18. Company sales in
Kazakhstan totaled U.S.$14 million in 18 and were projected to be substantially higher in
1.
However, in April 000 Food Master reported losses of U.S.$6. million for 1. The
losses were deep and spread across the firms dairy operations in Kazakhstan, Moldova, and
Ukraine.
Mr. John Hupp, President of DTR, attributed the losses to sales reductions associated with
the economic crisis that hit Russia in August 18 and spread to Kazakhstan, Moldova, and
Ukraine, negatively affecting Food Masters dairy operations. The crisis saw the
Kazakhstan tenge fall in value from 8 to one U.S. dollar in December 18 down to 1 to
Saulesh Esenova, a native of Kazakhstans Almaty region, was employed as a researcher for the
Global Livestock CRSP and Ph.D. student at McGill University in Canada when this research was
conducted. W.D. Dobson is Professor of Agricultural & Applied Economics, Co-Director of the
Babcock Institute, and Director of the Renk Agribusiness Institute at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.
Doing Business in an Industry with Difficult Economics�Food Masters Experience in Dairy Processing
and Marketing in Kazakhstan
Babcock Institute Discussion Paper No. 001-1
one U.S. dollar at the end of 1 (over 60%), reducing the dollar value of the firms
earnings and increasing the price of imported inputs.
In mid-1, Food Master began to restructure by eliminating certain dollar-denominated
expenses and by adopting rationalization measures.
Food Masters Excellent Top Management
Food Master experienced problems in Kazakhstan despite the presence of strong top
management for DTR and Food Master. The strength of the top management for the two
firms derives from the background and experience of Mr. John Hupp and Mr. Erlan
Sagadiev.
Mr. John Hupp, DTR President, has good Russian language skills and had extensive
business experience in Russia and the former Soviet Union before joining DTR.
Mr. Erlan Sagadiev, General Director of Food Master in Kazakhstan, is fluent in Russian
and English. He is a native of Kazakhstan who completed a graduate education in the U.S.,
has a prestigious family background, and possesses good political connections in
Kazakhstan.
Hupp characterized Sagadievs value to the firm as follows Erlan Sagadiev is the real
reason that DTR went into Kazakhstan. It was Erlans honesty and connections that made
Food Master a reasonably successful business. This success came about because the
company
�Entered via a joint venture with a Kazakh firm.
�Made a well-timed entry.
�Gained potential advantages from entry and exit barriers.
�Made extraordinary efforts to maintain a suitable milk supply.
�Chose effective marketing practices for the firms products.
However, these actions did not shield the firm from incurring losses in 1 and the need to
restructure.
Whether Food Master will achieve above normal profits (or even normal profits) over the
longer-run will depend on whether the firm can consistently overcome challenges associated
with operating in an industry with difficult economics.
What Went Wrong in the Late 10s?
DTR attributed the losses incurred by the firm in 1 mainly to a demand-depressing
regional economic crisis that culminated in devaluation of the tenge.
While the problems encountered by Food Master in the Almaty and Akmola regions that
stem from macroeconomic conditions are arguably transitory, the firm faces other
conditions that will cause difficult economics to persist in Kazakhstans dairy industry.
Why Food Master Will Continue to Face Difficult Economics
The firm will continue to face difficult economic conditions because
�Capable middle and lower-level managers will remain in short supply.
�Quality milk will remain scarce.
�The Akmola region presents unique problems.
�Credit constraints exist.
�Corruption.
Problems associated with obtaining an adequate supply of quality milk and corruption are
likely to be deep-seated, long-term problems for the firm. Milk production declined % in
Kazakhstan from 10 to 18 in response to adverse developments that�for the most
part�still persist.
The dearth of capable middle and lower managers, problems in the Akmola region, and
credit shortages should be manageable, intermediate-term problems.
It is too early to tell how profitable Food Masters operations will be in Kazakhstan over the
longer-run. Despite the persistence of problems, there is little reason that DTR and Food
Master should, in the language of Warren Buffett, change vessels rather than continue to
patch leaks.
There is an encouraging sign for Food Master�DTRs shares, which trade as a NASDAQ
BB stock in the U.S., rose in price during February 001.
What Are the Lessons for Investors in Kazakhstans Dairy Industry?
Food Master was probably positioned better than most foreign-Kazakh joint venture firms
to succeed in Kazakhstans dairy industry. Therefore, other investors should be prepared to
encounter problems at least as difficult as those experienced by Food Master in
Kazakhstan.
Lessons for investors, ranked in order of importance, are as follows
�Dependable supplies of quality milk will be difficult for many processors to obtain for
the foreseeable future.
�Corruption will be a problem for foreign-based processors that fail to employ a politically
well-connected Kazakh in the business.
�Dairy processing and marketing firms will need to devote substantial efforts to training
programs to give employees management and marketing skills needed to operate under
market conditions in Kazakhstan.
�Credit and equity capital for use in Kazakhstans dairy businesses will remain scarce
and/or costly.
�Due diligence inquiries will assume importance for dairy processing and marketing
investments in all parts of Kazakhstan.
What are the Lessons for Kazakhstans Government?
Certain problems affecting Food Master and the firms domestic competitors have
implications for government agencies wishing to foster sound investments in Kazakhstans
dairy processing and marketing businesses, and in dairy farming. These relate mainly to
credit availability, milk supply, and corruption.
�Credit problems will defy easy solution by government agencies. The problem is both
one of lack of available credit for dairy processors and dairy farmers and, at times, high
real interest rates.
�A possible cost-effective way for Kazakhstans government agencies to ensure that more
credit becomes available to dairy processing and marketing firms, and to dairy farmers
would be to expand guarantees of credit provided by banks and other commercial
lenders.
�Infusions of capital and skilled management into dairy farming will be needed to foster
an environment where mid-sized and larger dairy farms can be established with
reasonable prospects for success. Expansion of credit guarantees, business management
assistance to farmers, and improved terms of trade for dairy farmers are called for to deal
with this problem.
�Corruption is an impediment to foreign investment in dairy processing and other
agricultural businesses in Kazakhstan. This problem must be addressed by government
if it is to be reduced.
Doing Business in an Industry with Difficult Economics�Food Masters Experience in Dairy Processing
and Marketing in Kazakhstan
DOING BUSINESS IN AN INDUSTRY WITH DIFFICULT ECONOMICS�
FOOD MASTERS EXPERIENCE IN DAIRY PROCESSING AND MARKETING
IN KAZAKHSTAN
Saulesh Esenova and W. D. Dobson
Introduction
When a management with a reputation for brilliance tackles a business with a reputation for
poor fundamental economics, it is the reputation of the business that remains intact.
Warren Buffett []
This simple point describes an important part of the management philosophy of Warren Buffett,
one of the worlds most successful investors. Interestingly, Buffetts comment provides a useful
framework for analyzing the experience of Food Master (a dairy processing and marketing firm
discussed at length in this paper) in Kazakhstans dairy business. In short, Buffett contends that
investors should avoid businesses with difficult economics. He adds that Should you find
yourself in a chronically leaking boat, energy devoted to changing vessels is likely to be more
productive than energy devoted to patching leaks [, p. 47]. Buffett concedes that businesses with
good fundamental economics cannot be identified with engineering precision. However, he
provides guidance on this point, suggesting that securities in companies selling commodity-like
products should come with a warning label that, competition may prove hazardous to human
wealth.
Buffett emphasizes that management foibles, which he labels as the institutional imperative,
can exacerbate the effects of difficult economics [, pp. 5-6]. In this connection, he argues that
(a) as if governed by Newtons first law of motion, an institution will resist any change in its current
direction, (b) just as work expands to fill available time, corporate projects or acquisitions will
materialize to soak up available funds, (c) any business craving of the leader, however foolish, will
be quickly supported by detailed rate-of-return and strategic studies prepared by his troops, and
(d) the behavior of peer companies, whether they are expanding, acquiring, setting executive
compensation or whatever, will be mindlessly imitated.
Michael Porter, a well-known business strategist at Harvards Business School, offers similar
arguments relating to good fundamental economics and difficult economics�albeit in less colorful
language, pointing out that [16, pp. -4]
Not all industries have the same potential. They differ fundamentally in their ultimate
profit potential as the collective strength of the forces (driving industry competition) differs;
the forces range from intense in industries like tires, paper, and steel�where no firm earns
spectacular returns�to relatively mild in industries like oil-field equipment and services,
cosmetics, and toiletries�where high returns are quite common.
Porter indicates that the four primary forces affecting industry competitors and rivalry among
existing firms are (a) bargaining power of suppliers, (b) threat of new entrants, (c) bargaining power
of buyers, and (d) threat of substitute products or services. In an earlier paper, the authors found
that lack of bargaining power of milk suppliers has an important impact on competitive conditions
in Kazakhstans dairy industry []. Most milk suppliers in Kazakhstan have so little bargaining
power that it is difficult for them to stay in business.
What do the arguments about favorable or unfavorable fundamental economics have to do
with dairy marketing and processing in Kazakhstan? Quite a bit it turns out.
Food Master International (Food Master), a dominant dairy processing and marketing firm in
the Almaty region of Kazakhstan, and an important dairy firm in Astana (Akmola region), has
found itself in a business with difficult fundamental economics. Despite having excellent top
management and doing many things correctly, the firm incurred losses in 1 and was forced to
restructure. Food Masters experience provides important lessons for other firms planning to invest
in Kazakhstans dairy businesses and for government policy to encourage sound investments in
Kazakhstans dairy industry.
This Discussion Paper provides background information on Food Master. It describes the
firms excellent top management, what the firm did right, what went wrong for the firm in the late
10s, why Food Master will continue to face difficult economics, and lessons based on Food
Masters experience for investors and Kazakhstans government agencies. The paper reflects
insights gained by the authors from interviews conducted in Kazakhstan in the summer and fall of
000.
I. Background Information on Food Master
The ownership of Food Master (a limited liability company) is split between Developed
Technology Resources, Inc. (DTR) and Agribusiness Partners International (API), both U.S.
firms [4]. DTR owns a 0% share and API a 70% share of Food Master. Food Master currently
owns a controlling interest in eight dairy firms�five in Kazakhstan, two in Moldova, and one in
Ukraine. Food Masters dairy plants in Kazakhstan are located in Almaty (Kazakhstans largest city
and former capital), Yessyk, Chimkent, Kurdai and Astana (Kazakhstans new capital). Figure 1
shows the location of the cities of Almaty and Astana.
The firm has a 50% to 55% share of fluid milk sales in the Almaty region. Food Masters
market shares are lower in Astana�about 45% of the fluid milk market, 0% of the kefir market,
and 1% of the ice cream market in the winter [4]. The firms market shares for fluid milk items
in the Akmola region, in particular, decline in the summer when farmer-distributors become strong
competitors.
The origins of Food Masters operations in Kazakhstan�the main focus of this paper�began
in Almaty, Kazakhstan in 15 as a joint venture between DTR and the Kazakh firm, Ak-Bulak
Dairy. The joint venture business began with the production of yogurt and expanded into kefir,
fluid milk, fluid cream, sour cream, ice cream, cheeses, fruit juices, and snack foods. Food Master
subsequently bought the kefir business of the joint venture partner, reducing the contribution of Ak-Bulak
Dairy to the business.
More detailed information on the evolution of DTR, API, and Food Master and selected
financial data for the firms appear below [4,6]
March 17 DTR and API formed Food Master. DTR contributed its dairy businesses in
Almaty, Kazakhstan and API contributed $6 million in cash.
March 17 Food Masters operations in Astana, Kazakhstan were established.
October 17 Food Master Kazakhstan revenues grew from $.7 million in 16 to
$8.18 million in 17.
March 18 DTR reported the first profitable year in its history. Company sales in
Kazakhstan totaled U.S.$14 million in 18 and were projected to be substantially higher in
1.
October 18 API committed an additional $6 million for expansion of Food Master.
August 1 The European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) became
an investor in the firms Kazakhstan operations. The EBRD investment provided working
capital to complete Food Masters state-of-the-art fruit juice and milk packaging plant in
Kazakhstan.
April 000 Food Master reported losses of $6. million for 1. The losses were deep
and spread across dairy locations in Kazakhstan, Moldova, and Ukraine.
Mr. John Hupp, President of DTR, attributed the losses to a regional economic crisis, as
follows in April 000 [1]
The economic crisis that hit Russia in August 18 significantly affected our businesses
in Kazakhstan, Moldova, and Ukraine in late 18 and early 1. The crisis saw the
Kazakhstan tenge fall from 8 tenge to the dollar in December 18 to 1 to the dollar at
the end of 1, with similar devaluations in Moldova and Ukraine. The crisis occurred at
the same time Food Master was investing in new dairy assets, including our state-of-the-art
aseptic juice and milk packaging factory in Kazakhstan. Unfortunately the currency
devaluation was not matched by internal inflation within these countries, making it impossible
to raise prices sufficiently to maintain margins (emphasis supplied). Demand dropped with
price increases, creating overcapacity and difficulty in covering overhead expenses, many of
which were dollar denominated expenses.
Hupp described the restructuring that was undertaken to deal with Food Masters losses, as
follows [1]
In mid-1, some initial restructuring began, with the elimination of some of the ex-patriate,
dollar-based employee expenses. In the summer of 1, more than 00 employees
at our Ukraine operation were terminated to bring expenses in line with reduced margins. In
November of 1, DTR and Agribusiness Partners International agreed to eliminate the
overhead in Minneapolis and move the management to the local levels. Further cuts in ex-patriate
employee wages were made in December.
Hupp described Food Masters problems as stemming mainly from a regional economic crisis.
This was clearly an important cause of the firms losses. However, as noted later, the problems
facing Food Master extend beyond those associated with the regional crisis.
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Wednesday 22 August 2012
Sunday 19 August 2012
investment and business oppoetunities in malaysia
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like investment and business oppoetunities in malaysia even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like investment and business oppoetunities in malaysia in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the investment and business opportunities in Malaysia. We will do this by analyzing Malaysia’s economic factors and indicators. As a country inherited elements of democracy from its previous colonizers and its experience of gaining independence, Malaysia could be seen as one of the few Islamic majority democracies, and one of the few highly successful Islamic states. Currently around 4000 foreign companies are operating in Malaysia. Many of these companies have expanded and diversified their operations over the years, reflecting their continued confidence in Malaysia.
Summary
After analyzing the economic conditions and investing opportunities in Malaysia we came to the conclusion that, Malaysia’s with its favorable investment environment which includes such factors as political and social stability, supportive government policies, available and qualified labor, competitive cost structures, excellent infrastructure, quality of life, and a generally good standard of living, has been successful in attracting direct foreign investment and will continue to do so.
History
Malaysia was first mentioned in Chinese and Sanskrit records of the 7th and 8th centuries. In subsequent centuries the area was under the influence and loose control of various Thai and Indonesian empires, including the great Sumatra-based civilization of Sri Vijaya.
The city of Malacca, founded by a Sumatran prince at the beginning of the 15th century, became the center of an Islamic empire and was to remain the primary trading post between India and China for more than 00 years.
In 1511, the control of Malacca went to the spice-trading Portuguese. In 1641, the Dutch defeated the Portuguese and ruled for 154 years. They used imported Dutch stone to construct distinctive pink buildings, many of which still stand.
The British established a thriving port in Penang in 1786 and took over Malacca in 175. The British, discovered tin, and moved inland. Kuala Lumpur, was founded at the confluence of the Klang and Gombak rivers in 1864. The British began building colonial-style structures and made it the capital of the Protected Malay States.
Malay nationalism and desire for self-rule was felt around the 10s. A call for independence was made but the move was halted by the Second World War. Later, the movement resumed and independence was declared on the 1st of August 157.
http//www.planetgypsy.com/destinations/malaysia/generalinfo.html
In 16, Malaysia was formed, bringing together the states of Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak. Singapore, however, left the federation in 165.
Today, Malaysia is a strong participant of the six-member Association of South-East Asian Nations -ASEAN-. This association, comprising Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines and Singapore, was formed to promote regional growth and cooperation among member nations. Malaysia has since been prosperous and generally peaceful from 165. (www.planetgypsy.com)
Geography
Rightly known as a tropical paradise, Malaysia is situated 7 degrees north of the Equator in the heart of Southeast Asia. Malaysia covers an area of about 0,071 sq.km., occupying the Malay Peninsular and the states of Sabah and Sarawak in the north-western coastal area of Borneo island. The two regions are separated by about 51.1 km of the South China Sea. Peninsular Malaysia, covering 11,587.67 sq.km, has its frontiers with Thailand while East Malaysia, which consists Sabah and Sarawak, about 18,847.4 sq.km, border the territory of Indonesias Kalimantan. (www.planetgypsy.com)
Climate
Malaysia is the classic example of a wet tropical zone- hot and humid all through the year, with the temperature ranging between 1º C and ºC, and the humidity usually touching around 0%. As in all of South East Asia, the monsoons are an important feature of the climate- Malaysia has two monsoons, one in August-September and the other between November and February. The time to see turtles on the east coast is between May and September. (www.planetgypsy.com)
Religion
The different types of religion in Malaysia reflect the variety of races living there. Islam is the official religion but Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity and other religions are practiced freely. Islam is practiced predominantly by the Malays. Most of the Chinese believe in Buddhism and Taoism but others are Christians. Hinduism is mostly practiced by the regions Indian population. Many indigenous people have converted to Christianity but others still practiced animism. (www.planetgypsy.com)
Language
The national language in Malaysia is Bahasa Malaysia. English, Tamil, Chinese (in its different dialects- Mandarin, Cantonese, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan and Foochow), Telugu, Malayalam and Punjabi are the other languages spoken by different ethnic groups. In addition, in East Malaysia several indigenous languages are spoken, the main ones being Iban and Kadazan. English is widely spoken by the business community. Mandarin and Tamil are taught concurrently with Bahasa Malaysia and English in schools. (www.planetgypsy.com)
http//www.planetgypsy.com/destinations/malaysia/generalinfo.html
Political Structure
Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy with a bicameral federal legislature and unicameral state legislatures. Nine of the 1 states have hereditary rulers (eight Sultans and one Rajah) who share the position of King (Agong) on a five-year rotating basis. The Kings functions are purely ceremonial since constitutional amendments in 1 and 14.
The governing Barisan Nasional (National Front) coalition comprises the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), Gerakan - a Chinese-based party, and the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), plus a number of other parties including some based in Sabah and Sarawak. This coalition, in which UMNO is the dominant voice, has been in power in one form or another since the first elected government in 155. At the November 1 general election, the governing coalition was returned to power with its two thirds majority intact. The four national opposition parties formed a loose coalition, Barisan Alternatif (Alternative Front), and increased the number of opposition seats in federal parliament. The next federal election is due to be held by 004. (www.dfat.gov)
Economy
General
Malaysia is an export-oriented economy. In the past 5 years, it has developed rapidly from an agriculture-based economy to one dominated by intermediate manufacturing. Manufactures now account for about 8 per cent of exports, of which about 70 per cent are electrical and electronic products. Chemical and wood products make up the bulk of the remaining manufactured exports. Malaysia is also the worlds leading exporter of palm oil.
Malaysias strong economic performance in the 180s and most of the 10s was built on careful economic planning and management. The government has sought to divest itself of direct ownership in industry, and in the early 10s undertook an ambitious privatisation program. As a result of these reforms, Malaysia enjoyed strong inflows of foreign direct investment in the decade before the Asian economic crisis, further enhancing its industrialisation process. The government � directly, and indirectly through its agencies � still has significant interests in the top 10 listed companies on the Kuala Lumpur stock exchange. The Asian financial crisis impacted greatly on the Malaysian economy. Growth fell sharply and unemployment rose significantly. The government adopted a range of policy responses, including capital controls and the pegging of the ringgit at RM.80 to the US dollar. Non-performing loans worth nearly RM50 billion have been restructured since 18, and the government has injected new funds into the ailing banking industry. The Corporate Debt Restructuring Committee has overseen the successful restructuring of a further RM44 billion in non-performing loans. (www.dfat.gov)
http//www.planetgypsy.com/destinations/malaysia/generalinfo.html
http//www.dfat.gov.au/geo/malaysia/malaysia_brief.html#pol
Recent Economic Performance
The Asian financial crisis followed a decade of high growth in Malaysia. Between 1 and 17, Malaysia sustained growth of around per cent per annum, with per capita income rising to among the highest in the region. In 18, the economy contracted by 7.4 per cent. From 1, capital control measures - introduced at the height of the economic crisis - were progressively eased in recognition of the need to restore foreign investor confidence. The RM/USD peg remains in place, but other capital control measures have now been abolished.
Malaysias economy recovered strongly in 1, achieving growth of 5.6 per cent. The turnaround was propelled largely by burgeoning exports and public sector spending. The economy grew by over 8 percent in 000 but slowed to 0.4 per cent growth in 001, reflecting weaker global economic conditions and decreased demand for exports in Malaysias key america and asian export markets. (www.dfat.gov)
The governments upward revision in September 00 of its 00 growth estimate (from .5 per cent to between four and five percent) proved accurate, with Malaysia recording a 4. per cent expansion on the back of growth in private consumption and positive export performance. Private consumption overtook manufacturing production as the main contributor to growth, expanding by 4.5% in 00. Analysts suggest that the upward trend in the Malaysian economy is based upon a number of favourable factors, including relatively low interest rates, rising incomes in the public and private sectors, greater access to credit and the governments expansionary fiscal policy.
Source Consensus Economics (March 00)
In 00, exports expanded by about 6%, while imports grew at 8.% in line with stronger domestic demand. The trade account maintained a sizeable surplus of RM50. billion in 00, slightly down from RM54.1 billion in 001.
http//www.dfat.gov.au/geo/malaysia/malaysia_brief.html#pol
The 00 budget (released in September 00) forecast growth of 6 to 6.5 per cent for 00, assuming export growth of 10.5 per cent. Recent forecasts are less optimistic, owing to the current slowdown in electronic shipments to the US. Consensus Economics forecasts growth of 4.8 per cent for 00. The 00 budget continues the inclination towards fiscal deficits since the 17 economic crisis. Government consumption and increased spending - particularly in the construction sector - have been crucial to ensuring positive growth in recent years. The government is targeting a fiscal deficit of . per cent of GDP for 00 and aims to achieve a balanced budget by 005. This target may prove difficult to realise in light of the softening US economy and the knock-on effects of military conflict in the Gulf. (www.dfat.gov)
Economic Policy
Since the early 10s, Prime Minister Mahathirs 00 Vision has underpinned Malaysias aspirations for economic development. The 00 Vision strives for an eightfold increase in GDP and achievement of “industrialised country” status by the year 00. The policy sets privatisation as a cornerstone of national development, whilst retaining an emphasis on foreign investment to sustain industrialisation.
The National Vision Policy (NVP), implemented in 001, replaces the New Economic Policy (NEP) (introduced in 16), and its successor, the National Development Policy (NDP). The 16 NEP was designed to eradicate poverty and advance the economic position of Bumiputras (sons of the soil, mainly Malays but also other indigenous groups). The NDP, implemented in 11 after the expiry of the NEP, incorporated most of the elements of the NEP, but placed greater emphasis on developing Bumiputra entrepreneurial skills. The NVP largely incorporates and updates these objectives. While the Governments target of 0 per cent Bumiputra ownership of capital has not been achieved, there has been a very significant shift in the balance of ownership, coinciding with the emergence of an influential new class of Bumiputra entrepreneurs. (www.dfat.gov)
Foreign Trade and Investment
Trade Policy regime
Malaysia has been a strong exponent of trade liberalisation and a supporter of the multilateral trading system. Malaysia participates actively in regional economic arrangements, including the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and APEC. Malaysia is also an active member of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
In the AFTA context, Malaysia places a high priority on the early implementation of the common effective preferential tariff (CEPT) scheme which provides for concessional tariffs on intra-ASEAN trade. However, Malaysia continues to offer significant protection for its national automotive industry. In 000, Malaysia won a concession from other AFTA members for the non-application of AFTA to its automotive industry until 005. Malaysian market access for foreign service providers remains limited in the financial and professional services sectors. (www.dfat.gov)
http//www.dfat.gov.au/geo/malaysia/malaysia_brief.html#pol
Foreign Investment
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has played a large part in Malaysias development. FDI grew significantly throughout the 180s, averaging about 5 per cent of GDP. At its peak in 1 and 1, FDI accounted for 8.7 per cent of GDP. The bulk of FDI during the early to mid 10s flowed into the manufacturing sector (65 per cent), oil and gas (18 per cent), services (10 per cent) and property (7 per cent). However, FDI inflows have since slowed, falling to RM14.4 billion (4. per cent of GDP) in 000.
In recent years, strong competition from the labour-rich emerging markets of India and china and labour supply constraints have led to escalating pressure on wages in Malaysia. The government has sought to channel investment into high technology, capital-intensive manufacturing operations. The ultimate goal is to sustain increasing wage costs by managing the transition of the Malaysian manufacturing base from labour to capital-intensive that generates a higher level of value-added per employee. (www.dfat.gov)
Supportive Government Policies
Government policies that maintain a business environment with opportunities for growth and profits have made Malaysia an attractive manufacturing and export base in the region. The private sector in Malaysia is encouraged to become partners with the public sector in achieving the nations’s development objectives.
A major factor that has attracted investors to Malaysia is the government’s commitment to maintain a business envirnoment that provides companies with the opportunities for growth and profits. This commitment is seen in the government’s constant efforts to obtain feedback from the business community through channels of consultation such as regular government-private sector dialogues. These allow the various business communities to air their view and to contribute towards the formulation of government policies, which concern them.. (www.combinet.net)
Liberal Equity Policy
Generally, foreign investors in Malaysia’s manufacturing sector can hold 100% equity in projects, which exports atleast 80% of their production. However , currently, for projects applications received until 1 december 00, foreign investors can hold 100% equity irrespective of their level of exports, with the exception of certain products/activities where Malaysian SMIs have the capabilities. (www.combinet.net)
Employment of Expatriates
Foreign companies are allowed to employ expatriates in cases where certain skills are still lacking in Malaysia. A company with foreign paid-up capital of US$ million or more will be allowed five expatriate posts, including key posts, that is, posts that are permanently filled by foreigners. (www.combinet.net)
http//www.dfat.gov.au/geo/malaysia/malaysia_brief.html#pol http//www.combinet.net/wldecnmy/Nov/recent.html
Attractive Tax Incentives
Malaysia’s company tax rate is attractive at 8% and is applicable to both resident and non-resident companies. Malaysia also offers a wide range of tax incentives for manufacturing projects under the Promotion of Investment Act 186 and the Income Tax Act 167. the main incentives are the Pioneer Status, Investment Tax Allowance, Reinvestment Allowance, Incentives for High Technology Industries and Incentives for Strategic Projects. (www.combinet.net)
Work Force
Malaysia offers investors a young, educated and productive workforce at very competitive costs. Malaysia’s literacy rates are high at % and school leavers entering the job market have at least 11 years of basic education. Malaysia offers investors a young, educated and productive workforce at costs competitive with ither countries in Asia. Backed by the government’s continued support of human resource development in all sectors, the quality of Malaysia’s workforce is one of the best in the region. In addition , labor productivity has grown steadly at more than 5% per annum over the last few years. (www.capstrans.com)
High Priority on Education
Education is accorded high priority in development with about 15% of total public development expenditure allocated for this purpose under Malaysia’s five-year development plans.
There are nine public universities, six private universities, about 600 government and private colleges, and several polytechnics and industrail training institutes which offer courses leading to certificate, diploma, degree and post-degree qualifications. Total enrolment in public institutions of higher learing alone is projected to reach over 50,000 this year, with more than half in the science and technical disciplines.
The private sector has also set up educational institutions to supplement the government’s efforts to generate a larger pool of professional and semi-professionals. Among these are institutions of higher learning set up by large corporations such as Telekom Malaysia Berhad, Tenaga Nasional Berhad and Petronas, which provide degree-level courses. Various private colleges in Malaysia offer degree programs on a twinning basis with overseas institutions of higher learing, while foreign universities have set up branch campuses in the country. (www.capstrans.com)
http//www.dfat.gov.au/geo/malaysia/malaysia_brief.html#pol
http//www.combinet.net/wldecnmy/Nov/recent.html
Industrial Training
In 1, the Human Resource Development Fund (HRDF) was launched by the government to encourage training, retraining and skills upgrading in the private sector. Manufacturers who contribute to this fund will be eligible to apply for grants to defray or subsidize costs incurred in training their workers.
The National Vocational Training Council under the Ministry of Human Resources coordinates the plainning and development of a comprehensive system of vocational and industrial training programs for all public training agencies. It also develops the National Occupational Skills Standards (NOSS) on a continuous basis. To-date there are more than 450 NOSS covering basic, intermediate and advanced taining levels.
Besides the increasing number of Training institutions such as techincal schools, polytechnics, industrial training institutes and skills development centers, to meet the growing requirements of the industrail sector, collaborative efforts between the Malaysian government, enterprises and foreign governments have resulted in the establishment of several advanced skills training institutes such as the German-Malaysian institute, Malaysia France Institute, Japan Malaysia Technical Instiute and Bristish Malaysia Instiute. (www.capstrans.com)
Industrail Relations
Industrail relations in the country are harmonious with minimal trade disputes. Malaysia’s Labor laws safeguard the interests and spell out the rights and responsibilities of employers and employees, thus providing a legal framework for the orderely conduct of industrail relations in the country. (www.capstrans.com)
Infrastructure
Network of Highways
Malaysia has one of the finest road systems in Asia covering 6,445 km. The 848 km expressway links major industrial areas and urban centers of the country. The East-West Highway serves as part of the Asian Highway System linking Thailand with Malaysia. The development of road infrastructure and the Network of highways gave a boost in the income levels. In 1, there were 5.4 million motor vehicles of which 8.6% were motorcars, 54.8% motorcycles and 6.6% goods vehicles. This increased by 50.5% to reach 8.1 million motor vehicles in 17, with motorcycles accounting for 5% of the total, followed by motorcars 40% and goods vehicles 7%. The number of motor vehicles per 100 populations, which is an indicator of the quality of life of the population, increased from 7.6 in 1 to 7.6 in 17. In 1 there was a 6.5 million rail passenger traffic, which by 17 reduced to 5.4 million. How ever there was an increase in air passenger from .8 million in 1 to 0.5 million in 17. (www.northport.com)
http//www.combinet.net/wldecnmy/Nov/recent.html
http//www.capstrans.edu.au/apec_report/_Malaysia.html
Efficient Seaport
The international trade in Malaysia is a sea borne trade. 5 % of the countries trade is by the seven international ports � Penang Port, port clang, Johor port, port of tanjung pelepas, kuantanport, and kemaman port in peninsular Malaysia and Bintulu port in Sarawak.
THE cargo arm of Malaysia Airlines has introduced a three-letter code for seven seaports around the country to enhance efficiency in the movement of the goods. The ports involved in the procedure are Kuching, Kuantan, Penang, the Port of Tanjung Pelepas (PTP), Bintulu, Kota Kinabalu and Pasir Gudang. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) as a point of origin recognizes the three-letter code, which displays the abbreviated port of destination on e-way bills. Currently, it is only implemented in Port Klang under the abbreviated name of XPQ. With the confirmation, the seven ports will join Port Klang as a known destination for forwarders in the air and shipping industries. “Kuantan Port is well-known for being a chemical hub in the region. If they were to be a point of destination, it will open up many possibilities for the country. Malaysia may well be the point of origin for all sea-air links in Asean,” Malaysia Airlines senior general manager (cargo) Ong Jyh Jong. (www.northport.com)
International Airports
Malaysia has five International airports, including those at Kuala Lumpur, George Town and Kota Kinabalu and Sepang along with 15 Domestic airports and STOL Ports. Recognized as leader in multisystem integration Malaysian airport Technologies focus on quality has been unwavering. (ww0.malaysiamanufacturers.com)
Projects under the 8th Malaysia Plan are as follows
Project Status Completion
New Tawau Airport, Sabah Completed 1 May 001
New Bintulu Airport, Sarawak In Progress September 00
New Limbang Airport, Sarawak In Progress May 00
Upgrading of Sibu Airport, Sarawak Planned -
Upgrading of Miri Airport, Sarawak Planned -
Upgrading of Alor Setar Airport, Kedah Planned -
Upgrading of Rural Airstrips - BaKelalan, Long Seridan, Long Lelang, Long Banga, Sarawak Completed 001
Perlis Air Strip (Microflight Aircraft) Planned -
Source http//www.mot.gov.my/english/Division.asp?div=100
High Tech Telecommunication
Malaysia has one of the most modern telecommunication systems in the Southeast Asia. Apart from the telephone service the department provides Telegraph and Telex services and facilitates communication for Broadcasting, civil Aviation, Police, Customs and fisheries. The telecommunication system is supported by microwave trunk telephone network linking all the cities. Communication between Peninsula Malaysia and Sabah and Sarawak are via satellite and the troposcatter system and by submarine cable enabling the operation of nationwide Subscriber Trunk Dialing (STD) and the expansion of television broadcasting services throughout the country.
Introduction of Industrial Parks
Industries in Malaysia are spread over 00 industrial estates or parks and 14 Free Industrial Zones (FIZs), which are developed throughout the country. These sites are fully equipped with infrastructure facilities such as roads, electricity and water supplies, and telecommunications, are continuously being developed by state governments as well as private developers to meet demand.
FIZs are export-processing zones, which have been designed to cater to the needs of export-oriented industries basically for manufacturing and trading establishments that export 80 to 100 percent of their products. Companies in FIZs are allowed duty free imports of raw materials, components, parts, machinery and equipment directly required in the manufacturing process, as well as in the export of their finished products. In areas where FIZs are not available, companies can set up Licensed Manufacturing Warehouses (LMWs), which are accorded facilities similar to those enjoyed by establishments in FIZs. (ww0.malaysiamanufacturers.com)
Introduction of Specialized parks
Malaysia has developed specialized parks to cater to the needs of specific industries. Such as the Technology Park Malaysia in Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur and the Kulim Hi-Tech Park in the northern state of Kedah which cater to technology-intensive industries and R&D activities. The sprawling 1,450-hectare (,580-acre) Kulim Hi-Tech Park is the countrys first fully integrated high technology industrial park. The parks master plan emphasizes on quality of life in a self-contained environment, which incorporates industries, R&D facilities, and a new township with full amenities such as a shopping center, a hospital, educational institutions and recreational facilities. The first phase of its industrial zone covering 50 hectares (60 acres) has been fully leased, and tenants have started moving into the second phase. According to Kulim Technology Park Corporation (KTPC), the developer and manager of the park, a total investment attracted to the park has exceeded RM14 billion (US$.7 billion). (ww0.malaysiamanufacturers.com)
http//ww0.malaysiamanufacturers.com/profitcentre/infrastructure.html#Airports
Business Environment
Malaysia has a mixed economy, comprising of an active private sector of multinational and indigenous businesses and a public sector with extensive involvement in business. The private sector in Malaysia is expected to play a dominant role in the country’s economy and in assisting the country to achieve the status of an industrialized nation by the year 00.
A market oriented economy and government policies that provide business with the opportunity for growth and profits have made Malaysia a highly competitive manufacturing and export base. The biggest advantage of Malaysia is the pool on young, educated trainable workforce. The use of English in Malaysia facilitates your communication with local personnel and suppliers. The country practices the British accounting system, which is acceptable to most international companies.
Framework of the Industry
The industry falls into three broad categories.
1. Indigenous small business, which are once largely concentrated in light industry as well as in wholesale and retail distribution and trading, have successfully moved towards small and medium scale industries (SMIs) through the governments umbrella strategy.
. Large Malaysian corporations, many of which are listed on Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange. The shareholders in these companies are largely institutional, with significant proportions held by government trust agencies.
. Local operations of multinationals, most of which are majority owned by their foreign parent corporation.
Chamber of commerce and industry
Newcomers to Malaysia’s business environment will feel at home with presence of various chambers of commerce and trade associations made up of investors from different countries. These organizations are invaluable sources for general business information, advice assistance, and compliment the role of government agencies. The major ones are
1. The Malaysian international chamber of commerce and Industry. (MICCI)
. Federation of Malaysian manufacturers (FMM)
. The Japanese chamber of trade and industry (JACTIM)
4. American � Malaysian chamber of commerce (AMCHAM)
Besides several trade associations such as the Malaysian � American electronics industry (MAEI) Group.
Banking and Finance
A well-developed financial and banking sector has enhanced Malaysia’s position as a dynamic export base in Asia. Sophisticated financial facilities are available through domestic and foreign commercial Banks. There are 7 licensed commercial banks in operation. Other financial institutions include merchant banks, retail finance and leasing companies, discount houses, development finance houses and the agricultural bank. The country’s law restricts ownership of banks and financial institutions.
Islamic Banking
As an alternative system, Malaysia offers Islamic banking, which is based on the concept of profit sharing as opposed to the use of interest in the conventional banking system. commercial banks, 18 finance companies and merchant banks were given approval for interest free banking in the year 14.
The central bank has embarked on a plan to develop Malaysia as a regional Islamic financial center. It has formed a consultative committee on Islamic banking in January 16 to serve as a think-tank group to develop strategies and proposals to map out the future directions on Islamic banking.
Specialized Financial Institutions
Malaysia has 40 finance companies, operating through 860 offices, which accepts retail deposits and provide financing for installments (Hire � Purchase) and leasing transactions and housing loans. 156 registered leasing companies serving mainly the industrial sector supplement the services of finance companies.
Source Doing Business In Malaysia � The price water house in Malaysia 16
Joint Ventures Partnerships and sole proprietorships
In addition to business activities conducted by companies, business may be carried on in Malaysia by a partnership or sole proprietorship. A partnership may consist of individuals or companies or a combination of both, but no more than 0 partners if it carries on a business for gain. An exception is made for partnerships in certain professions that have been specifically proclaimed to be excluded from the rule of membership limit. Partnership or sole proprietorship may be registered under the business registration act. Foreign investments do not commonly take for of sole proprietorships.
There is no specific statute that regulates joint ventures or defines the rights and obligations of the parties to the venture. A joint venture can take the form of a partnership, or it may be incorporated.
Restrictions On Foreign Investment
Malaysia recognizes its lack of experience and know-how in many fields of industrial endeavor and the valuable contribution that can be made in economic and industrial development by foreign industrialists. How ever the need for foreign technology and capital must be balanced against the ownership targets of the national development plan. In 11 the NDP replaced the New Economic Policy (NEP), sets out the guidelines and objectives of the governments policies on t he distribution of ownership and participation in the commercial and industrial sectors. The industrial act 175 requires all manufacturing companies to apply to the Malaysian industrial Development Authority (MIDA), an agency of Ministry Of International Trade and Industry, for permission to commerce or expand operations.
This act sets provides for the issue of manufacturing licenses, sets out conditions for BUMIPUTRA and other Malaysian participants.
Some of the conditions are
1. No equity will be imposed on companies that will export 80 percent or more of their production.
. For projects exporting between 51 and 7 percent of their production, foreign equity ownership of 7 percent may be allowed.
. For projects exporting between 0 and 50 percent of their production, foreign equity ownership between 0 to 50 percent will be allowed.
4. Projects less than 0 percent of their production, foreign equity of ownership 0 percent will be allowed.
Quality of life in Malaysia
Malaysia is one of the most friendly and hospitable countries in the world to live in and do business or work. Foreigners coming to this country to do business will not only have hospitable conditions for business, but also can enjoy the modern day facilities like very good living conditions, state of art healthcare and medical conditions, world class educational institutions, and also un surpassing recreational and sports facilities. The cost of such facilities in country like Malaysia is far less than in any of the western country or developed countries. The country is generally warm throughout the year with temperatures ranging from 1° to ° Celsius in the lowlands. This can however be as low as 16° Celsius in the highlands. (geographia.com/Malaysia)
Malaysia reflects different cultural traditions, including those of China, India, the Middle East, Europe, and the entire Malay Archipelago. Early Malay empires absorbed Indian influences, such as Hindu epics and the Sanskrit language. The kingdom of Malacca, centered in the present-day state of Melaka, developed as an Islamic state, or sultanate, in the 1400s. Later, new cultural influences from Europe and China mixed with Hindu and Islamic traditions.
A collective but distinctively Malay cultural pattern has emerged out of all these influences, with artistic expressions in literature, music, dance, and art forms. With such a mix of cultures, most Malaysians can speak two to three languages. Their mother tongue, Malay being the national language is spoken by almost everyone, and English (Mapzones.com).
http//www.geographia.com/malaysia/
Housing
There are several options for living in Malaysia - bungalows or freestanding homes, condominiums (apartments with extra facilities) and apartments (usually with limited facilities). Recently built condominiums in good areas include most of the following - pool, gym, lifts, 4-hour security service, adequate parking, convenience store and landscape gardens. Kuala Lumpur is no different from any other city in the world; location and facilities are all important. There are few natural attractions that make certain areas better for living - being inland, for example, there are no beach-side locations near to the city. The dress circle areas therefore tend to be based upon location with proximity to the CBD, all-important. Other popular upmarket suburbs have long been established and are very well equipped with plenty of amenities. Some indication of monthly rents in Kuala Lumpur. Modern, three-bedroom condominium, ,100 sq. feet in Bangsar - RM7, 500 and a two-bedroom condominium, 1,00 sq. feet in Bangsar - RM, 000. Semi-detached house in central area, RM4,000 to RM6,000 and detached house, central location and pool - RM,000 to RM15,000. By international standards, Malaysian housing is cheap. (expatkl.com)
Education
Education is free and compulsory for children between the ages of 6 and 16, and an additional two years of free education are optional. In 17, 101 percent of Malaysian children attended primary school. Parents may choose between Bahasa Malaysia, Chinese, or Tamil as the language of instruction for their primary-school children. Bahasa Malaysia is the primary language of instruction in all secondary schools, although continued learning in Chinese and Tamil is available and English is a compulsory second language. Enrollment in secondary education was 64 percent in 17. Malaysia has a number of institutions of higher education, including nine universities.
Universities include the National University, in Bangi; the University of Technology, in Johor Baharu; and the University of Malaya, in Kuala Lumpur. Local school curricula are taught in Bahasa Malaysia (national language), Chinese, English or Tamil. There are international schools that use British, Japanese, Indonesian, American, Australian and French curricula. International schools come with a cost but the standards and facilities are high. The International schools are located in Bukit Kiara, Kuala Lumpur, Ampang, and labuana. (Mapzones.com, expatkl.com)
http//www.mapzones.com/world/asia/malaysia/cultureindex.php
http//www.mapzones.com/world/asia/malaysia/educationindex.php
http//www.expatkl.com/housing1.php
http//www.expatkl.com/education.php
Shopping
Malaysia is a shopper’s paradise. There is a wide range of shopping establishments and modern air-conditioned shopping malls, department stores, handicraft centers, bazaars and night markets. Night markets or pasar malam begin their trading activities in the late afternoon. These open-air markets feature hawker stalls that sell a variety of local produce, foodstuff, clothing, traditional medicine vendors and cakes. Bargaining is a common practice. Bukit Bintang area is the oldest shopping center. This place has local and international goods such as clothes, fashion accessories, footwear, sports goods, electrical equipment, pharmaceutical products, computers and furniture.
Exploring Malaysias outdoor markets is pure adventure (and of course one can take home whatever they hunt - or bargain - down). The variety of bargain items that can be found in the major markets is endless, ranging from quality electronics to blowguns to traditional arts and crafts. Currently, the dollar goes a long way in Malaysia. (planetgypsy.com, geographia.com)
Lifestyle
Life in Malaysia is adventure. It offers an exceptional lifestyle especially for the people who love the outdoors. You can spend many exciting weekends at some of the beautiful places in Malaysia. There are clubs for almost any interest i.e. yachting and martial arts; and most daily newspapers often list the clubs and contact numbers for their activities. Most large national groups of expats have associations. Membership for expats are also offered by exclusive where they are assured of basic amenities like swimming pool, tennis / squash / badminton courts, pool tables, and some have their own golf courses or are at least affiliated to one. Because of its myriad cultural influences, Malaysia is renown for its creative, complex, and lovingly prepared original cuisine. Food is taken very seriously here, from the five-star restaurants right down to the hawkers booths. Sauces tend to be highly developed, often incorporating local fruits and spices, and the seafood dishes are what youd expect from a country almost entirely surrounded by ocean. (geographia.com, planetgypsy.com)
http//www.planetgypsy.com/destinations/malaysia/shopping.html
http//www.geographia.com/malaysia/cuisine.html
Risk Factors
Short-term risk event
The growing influences of conservative Islam in Malaysia risks undermining the country’s image abroad as a progressive Islamic state as well as constraining domestic economic development. (home.aigonline.com)
Political risk
The delayed departure of the Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad, from politics is proving destabilizing. Although Abdullah Badawi, the deputy president, has been appointed as his successor, uncertainty about policy continuity and speculation about the changing locus of political power will persist. (home.aigonline.com)
Economic outlook
The economy in 00-04 will expand more rapidly than in 00, when growth was an estimated .8%. A fiscal stimulus package is expected to help offset soft domestic and external demand in the early part of the year. The current account will remain in healthy surplus; foreign-exchange reserves will continue to rise. The currency is expected to remain pegged to the US dollar, although the Economist Intelligence Unit expects a shift away from the peg in late-004 as the US currency strengthens. (home.aigonline.com)
Debt outlook
The government will accumulate more foreign debt to finance its fiscal stimulus package, but debt servicing will remain manageable. (home.aigonline.com)
Policy Issues
Following the Asian economic and financial crisis in mid-17, the government abandoned its tight monetary and fiscal policies and adopted an expansionary strategy to revive the economy. On September 1st 18 the government introduced wide-ranging capital controls to gain greater flexibility in lowering interest rates, and pegged the ringgit at M$.80US$1. Since February 1 the government has eased most of these controls. The stimulative fiscal and monetary stance has remained basically unchanged since the 17-8 crisis. The government remains committed to the fixed exchange rate, and the weakness of the US currency has eased pressure for an adjustment of the peg. (home.aigonline.com)
http//home.aigonline.com/country_view/0,4605,157,00.html
Conclusion
Malaysia’s success in attracting the foreign investment in capital-intensive, technology, and knowledge-based projects is the result of many factors. Malaysia with excellent Infrastructure, educated and efficient work force and retaining long-term policies and incentives that provide the confidence to businessmen that their millions of ringgit worth of investments would not be wasted due to change of policies after a change in government.
Malaysia’s location also makes it a logical choice for foreign corporations seeking to establish operational headquarters in the ASIAN region.
Appendix
Key Economic Indicators
1 000 001
Population .7 million . million 4.4 million
GDP RM1.8billion RM0.billion RM10 billion
GDP growth rate 5.8% 8.5% 0.%
Per capita income US$,8 US$,516 US$,000
Inflation rate .8% 1.6% 1.5%
Labor force . million .6 million . million
Unemployment rate .4% .1% .7%
Total exports f.o.b US$ 8.billion 8.1billion 4.4billion
Total imports f.o.b US$ 61.billion 77.billion 76.billion
Major Export’s electronic equipment, petroleum and liquefied natural gas, wood and wood products, palm oil, rubber, textiles, chemicals
Major Import’s electronics, machinery, petroleum products, plastics, vehicles, iron and steel and iron and steel products, chemicals
Source cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook, Bank Negara Malaysia Annual report 000.
References
WWW.planegypsy.com
http//www.planetgypsy.com/destinations/malaysia/history.html
http//www.planetgypsy.com/destinations/malaysia/generalinfo.html
http//www.planetgypsy.com/destinations/malaysia/shopping.html
WWW.dfat.gov
http//www.dfat.gov.au/geo/malaysia/malaysia_brief.html#pol
WWW.combinet.net
http//www.combinet.net/wldecnmy/Nov/recent.html
WWW.capstrans.edu
http//www.capstrans.edu.au/apec_report/_Malaysia.html
WWW.cia.gov
http//www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/my.htm
WWW.georaphia.com
http//www.geographia.com/malaysia/
http//www.geographia.com/malaysia/cuisine.html
WWW.mapzones.com
http//www.mapzones.com/world/asia/malaysia/cultureindex.php
http//www.mapzones.com/world/asia/malaysia/educationindex.php
WWW.expatkl.com
http//www.expatkl.com/children.php
http//www.expatkl.com/housing1.php
http//www.expatkl.com/education.php
WWW.home.aigonline.com
http//home.aigonline.com/country_view/0,4605,157,00.html
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Introduction
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the investment and business opportunities in Malaysia. We will do this by analyzing Malaysia’s economic factors and indicators. As a country inherited elements of democracy from its previous colonizers and its experience of gaining independence, Malaysia could be seen as one of the few Islamic majority democracies, and one of the few highly successful Islamic states. Currently around 4000 foreign companies are operating in Malaysia. Many of these companies have expanded and diversified their operations over the years, reflecting their continued confidence in Malaysia.
Summary
After analyzing the economic conditions and investing opportunities in Malaysia we came to the conclusion that, Malaysia’s with its favorable investment environment which includes such factors as political and social stability, supportive government policies, available and qualified labor, competitive cost structures, excellent infrastructure, quality of life, and a generally good standard of living, has been successful in attracting direct foreign investment and will continue to do so.
History
Malaysia was first mentioned in Chinese and Sanskrit records of the 7th and 8th centuries. In subsequent centuries the area was under the influence and loose control of various Thai and Indonesian empires, including the great Sumatra-based civilization of Sri Vijaya.
The city of Malacca, founded by a Sumatran prince at the beginning of the 15th century, became the center of an Islamic empire and was to remain the primary trading post between India and China for more than 00 years.
In 1511, the control of Malacca went to the spice-trading Portuguese. In 1641, the Dutch defeated the Portuguese and ruled for 154 years. They used imported Dutch stone to construct distinctive pink buildings, many of which still stand.
The British established a thriving port in Penang in 1786 and took over Malacca in 175. The British, discovered tin, and moved inland. Kuala Lumpur, was founded at the confluence of the Klang and Gombak rivers in 1864. The British began building colonial-style structures and made it the capital of the Protected Malay States.
Malay nationalism and desire for self-rule was felt around the 10s. A call for independence was made but the move was halted by the Second World War. Later, the movement resumed and independence was declared on the 1st of August 157.
http//www.planetgypsy.com/destinations/malaysia/generalinfo.html
In 16, Malaysia was formed, bringing together the states of Malaya, Singapore, Sabah and Sarawak. Singapore, however, left the federation in 165.
Today, Malaysia is a strong participant of the six-member Association of South-East Asian Nations -ASEAN-. This association, comprising Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines and Singapore, was formed to promote regional growth and cooperation among member nations. Malaysia has since been prosperous and generally peaceful from 165. (www.planetgypsy.com)
Geography
Rightly known as a tropical paradise, Malaysia is situated 7 degrees north of the Equator in the heart of Southeast Asia. Malaysia covers an area of about 0,071 sq.km., occupying the Malay Peninsular and the states of Sabah and Sarawak in the north-western coastal area of Borneo island. The two regions are separated by about 51.1 km of the South China Sea. Peninsular Malaysia, covering 11,587.67 sq.km, has its frontiers with Thailand while East Malaysia, which consists Sabah and Sarawak, about 18,847.4 sq.km, border the territory of Indonesias Kalimantan. (www.planetgypsy.com)
Climate
Malaysia is the classic example of a wet tropical zone- hot and humid all through the year, with the temperature ranging between 1º C and ºC, and the humidity usually touching around 0%. As in all of South East Asia, the monsoons are an important feature of the climate- Malaysia has two monsoons, one in August-September and the other between November and February. The time to see turtles on the east coast is between May and September. (www.planetgypsy.com)
Religion
The different types of religion in Malaysia reflect the variety of races living there. Islam is the official religion but Buddhism, Hinduism, Christianity and other religions are practiced freely. Islam is practiced predominantly by the Malays. Most of the Chinese believe in Buddhism and Taoism but others are Christians. Hinduism is mostly practiced by the regions Indian population. Many indigenous people have converted to Christianity but others still practiced animism. (www.planetgypsy.com)
Language
The national language in Malaysia is Bahasa Malaysia. English, Tamil, Chinese (in its different dialects- Mandarin, Cantonese, Hokkien, Hakka, Hainan and Foochow), Telugu, Malayalam and Punjabi are the other languages spoken by different ethnic groups. In addition, in East Malaysia several indigenous languages are spoken, the main ones being Iban and Kadazan. English is widely spoken by the business community. Mandarin and Tamil are taught concurrently with Bahasa Malaysia and English in schools. (www.planetgypsy.com)
http//www.planetgypsy.com/destinations/malaysia/generalinfo.html
Political Structure
Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy with a bicameral federal legislature and unicameral state legislatures. Nine of the 1 states have hereditary rulers (eight Sultans and one Rajah) who share the position of King (Agong) on a five-year rotating basis. The Kings functions are purely ceremonial since constitutional amendments in 1 and 14.
The governing Barisan Nasional (National Front) coalition comprises the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO), the Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA), Gerakan - a Chinese-based party, and the Malaysian Indian Congress (MIC), plus a number of other parties including some based in Sabah and Sarawak. This coalition, in which UMNO is the dominant voice, has been in power in one form or another since the first elected government in 155. At the November 1 general election, the governing coalition was returned to power with its two thirds majority intact. The four national opposition parties formed a loose coalition, Barisan Alternatif (Alternative Front), and increased the number of opposition seats in federal parliament. The next federal election is due to be held by 004. (www.dfat.gov)
Economy
General
Malaysia is an export-oriented economy. In the past 5 years, it has developed rapidly from an agriculture-based economy to one dominated by intermediate manufacturing. Manufactures now account for about 8 per cent of exports, of which about 70 per cent are electrical and electronic products. Chemical and wood products make up the bulk of the remaining manufactured exports. Malaysia is also the worlds leading exporter of palm oil.
Malaysias strong economic performance in the 180s and most of the 10s was built on careful economic planning and management. The government has sought to divest itself of direct ownership in industry, and in the early 10s undertook an ambitious privatisation program. As a result of these reforms, Malaysia enjoyed strong inflows of foreign direct investment in the decade before the Asian economic crisis, further enhancing its industrialisation process. The government � directly, and indirectly through its agencies � still has significant interests in the top 10 listed companies on the Kuala Lumpur stock exchange. The Asian financial crisis impacted greatly on the Malaysian economy. Growth fell sharply and unemployment rose significantly. The government adopted a range of policy responses, including capital controls and the pegging of the ringgit at RM.80 to the US dollar. Non-performing loans worth nearly RM50 billion have been restructured since 18, and the government has injected new funds into the ailing banking industry. The Corporate Debt Restructuring Committee has overseen the successful restructuring of a further RM44 billion in non-performing loans. (www.dfat.gov)
http//www.planetgypsy.com/destinations/malaysia/generalinfo.html
http//www.dfat.gov.au/geo/malaysia/malaysia_brief.html#pol
Recent Economic Performance
The Asian financial crisis followed a decade of high growth in Malaysia. Between 1 and 17, Malaysia sustained growth of around per cent per annum, with per capita income rising to among the highest in the region. In 18, the economy contracted by 7.4 per cent. From 1, capital control measures - introduced at the height of the economic crisis - were progressively eased in recognition of the need to restore foreign investor confidence. The RM/USD peg remains in place, but other capital control measures have now been abolished.
Malaysias economy recovered strongly in 1, achieving growth of 5.6 per cent. The turnaround was propelled largely by burgeoning exports and public sector spending. The economy grew by over 8 percent in 000 but slowed to 0.4 per cent growth in 001, reflecting weaker global economic conditions and decreased demand for exports in Malaysias key america and asian export markets. (www.dfat.gov)
The governments upward revision in September 00 of its 00 growth estimate (from .5 per cent to between four and five percent) proved accurate, with Malaysia recording a 4. per cent expansion on the back of growth in private consumption and positive export performance. Private consumption overtook manufacturing production as the main contributor to growth, expanding by 4.5% in 00. Analysts suggest that the upward trend in the Malaysian economy is based upon a number of favourable factors, including relatively low interest rates, rising incomes in the public and private sectors, greater access to credit and the governments expansionary fiscal policy.
Source Consensus Economics (March 00)
In 00, exports expanded by about 6%, while imports grew at 8.% in line with stronger domestic demand. The trade account maintained a sizeable surplus of RM50. billion in 00, slightly down from RM54.1 billion in 001.
http//www.dfat.gov.au/geo/malaysia/malaysia_brief.html#pol
The 00 budget (released in September 00) forecast growth of 6 to 6.5 per cent for 00, assuming export growth of 10.5 per cent. Recent forecasts are less optimistic, owing to the current slowdown in electronic shipments to the US. Consensus Economics forecasts growth of 4.8 per cent for 00. The 00 budget continues the inclination towards fiscal deficits since the 17 economic crisis. Government consumption and increased spending - particularly in the construction sector - have been crucial to ensuring positive growth in recent years. The government is targeting a fiscal deficit of . per cent of GDP for 00 and aims to achieve a balanced budget by 005. This target may prove difficult to realise in light of the softening US economy and the knock-on effects of military conflict in the Gulf. (www.dfat.gov)
Economic Policy
Since the early 10s, Prime Minister Mahathirs 00 Vision has underpinned Malaysias aspirations for economic development. The 00 Vision strives for an eightfold increase in GDP and achievement of “industrialised country” status by the year 00. The policy sets privatisation as a cornerstone of national development, whilst retaining an emphasis on foreign investment to sustain industrialisation.
The National Vision Policy (NVP), implemented in 001, replaces the New Economic Policy (NEP) (introduced in 16), and its successor, the National Development Policy (NDP). The 16 NEP was designed to eradicate poverty and advance the economic position of Bumiputras (sons of the soil, mainly Malays but also other indigenous groups). The NDP, implemented in 11 after the expiry of the NEP, incorporated most of the elements of the NEP, but placed greater emphasis on developing Bumiputra entrepreneurial skills. The NVP largely incorporates and updates these objectives. While the Governments target of 0 per cent Bumiputra ownership of capital has not been achieved, there has been a very significant shift in the balance of ownership, coinciding with the emergence of an influential new class of Bumiputra entrepreneurs. (www.dfat.gov)
Foreign Trade and Investment
Trade Policy regime
Malaysia has been a strong exponent of trade liberalisation and a supporter of the multilateral trading system. Malaysia participates actively in regional economic arrangements, including the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) and APEC. Malaysia is also an active member of the World Trade Organisation (WTO).
In the AFTA context, Malaysia places a high priority on the early implementation of the common effective preferential tariff (CEPT) scheme which provides for concessional tariffs on intra-ASEAN trade. However, Malaysia continues to offer significant protection for its national automotive industry. In 000, Malaysia won a concession from other AFTA members for the non-application of AFTA to its automotive industry until 005. Malaysian market access for foreign service providers remains limited in the financial and professional services sectors. (www.dfat.gov)
http//www.dfat.gov.au/geo/malaysia/malaysia_brief.html#pol
Foreign Investment
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has played a large part in Malaysias development. FDI grew significantly throughout the 180s, averaging about 5 per cent of GDP. At its peak in 1 and 1, FDI accounted for 8.7 per cent of GDP. The bulk of FDI during the early to mid 10s flowed into the manufacturing sector (65 per cent), oil and gas (18 per cent), services (10 per cent) and property (7 per cent). However, FDI inflows have since slowed, falling to RM14.4 billion (4. per cent of GDP) in 000.
In recent years, strong competition from the labour-rich emerging markets of India and china and labour supply constraints have led to escalating pressure on wages in Malaysia. The government has sought to channel investment into high technology, capital-intensive manufacturing operations. The ultimate goal is to sustain increasing wage costs by managing the transition of the Malaysian manufacturing base from labour to capital-intensive that generates a higher level of value-added per employee. (www.dfat.gov)
Supportive Government Policies
Government policies that maintain a business environment with opportunities for growth and profits have made Malaysia an attractive manufacturing and export base in the region. The private sector in Malaysia is encouraged to become partners with the public sector in achieving the nations’s development objectives.
A major factor that has attracted investors to Malaysia is the government’s commitment to maintain a business envirnoment that provides companies with the opportunities for growth and profits. This commitment is seen in the government’s constant efforts to obtain feedback from the business community through channels of consultation such as regular government-private sector dialogues. These allow the various business communities to air their view and to contribute towards the formulation of government policies, which concern them.. (www.combinet.net)
Liberal Equity Policy
Generally, foreign investors in Malaysia’s manufacturing sector can hold 100% equity in projects, which exports atleast 80% of their production. However , currently, for projects applications received until 1 december 00, foreign investors can hold 100% equity irrespective of their level of exports, with the exception of certain products/activities where Malaysian SMIs have the capabilities. (www.combinet.net)
Employment of Expatriates
Foreign companies are allowed to employ expatriates in cases where certain skills are still lacking in Malaysia. A company with foreign paid-up capital of US$ million or more will be allowed five expatriate posts, including key posts, that is, posts that are permanently filled by foreigners. (www.combinet.net)
http//www.dfat.gov.au/geo/malaysia/malaysia_brief.html#pol http//www.combinet.net/wldecnmy/Nov/recent.html
Attractive Tax Incentives
Malaysia’s company tax rate is attractive at 8% and is applicable to both resident and non-resident companies. Malaysia also offers a wide range of tax incentives for manufacturing projects under the Promotion of Investment Act 186 and the Income Tax Act 167. the main incentives are the Pioneer Status, Investment Tax Allowance, Reinvestment Allowance, Incentives for High Technology Industries and Incentives for Strategic Projects. (www.combinet.net)
Work Force
Malaysia offers investors a young, educated and productive workforce at very competitive costs. Malaysia’s literacy rates are high at % and school leavers entering the job market have at least 11 years of basic education. Malaysia offers investors a young, educated and productive workforce at costs competitive with ither countries in Asia. Backed by the government’s continued support of human resource development in all sectors, the quality of Malaysia’s workforce is one of the best in the region. In addition , labor productivity has grown steadly at more than 5% per annum over the last few years. (www.capstrans.com)
High Priority on Education
Education is accorded high priority in development with about 15% of total public development expenditure allocated for this purpose under Malaysia’s five-year development plans.
There are nine public universities, six private universities, about 600 government and private colleges, and several polytechnics and industrail training institutes which offer courses leading to certificate, diploma, degree and post-degree qualifications. Total enrolment in public institutions of higher learing alone is projected to reach over 50,000 this year, with more than half in the science and technical disciplines.
The private sector has also set up educational institutions to supplement the government’s efforts to generate a larger pool of professional and semi-professionals. Among these are institutions of higher learning set up by large corporations such as Telekom Malaysia Berhad, Tenaga Nasional Berhad and Petronas, which provide degree-level courses. Various private colleges in Malaysia offer degree programs on a twinning basis with overseas institutions of higher learing, while foreign universities have set up branch campuses in the country. (www.capstrans.com)
http//www.dfat.gov.au/geo/malaysia/malaysia_brief.html#pol
http//www.combinet.net/wldecnmy/Nov/recent.html
Industrial Training
In 1, the Human Resource Development Fund (HRDF) was launched by the government to encourage training, retraining and skills upgrading in the private sector. Manufacturers who contribute to this fund will be eligible to apply for grants to defray or subsidize costs incurred in training their workers.
The National Vocational Training Council under the Ministry of Human Resources coordinates the plainning and development of a comprehensive system of vocational and industrial training programs for all public training agencies. It also develops the National Occupational Skills Standards (NOSS) on a continuous basis. To-date there are more than 450 NOSS covering basic, intermediate and advanced taining levels.
Besides the increasing number of Training institutions such as techincal schools, polytechnics, industrial training institutes and skills development centers, to meet the growing requirements of the industrail sector, collaborative efforts between the Malaysian government, enterprises and foreign governments have resulted in the establishment of several advanced skills training institutes such as the German-Malaysian institute, Malaysia France Institute, Japan Malaysia Technical Instiute and Bristish Malaysia Instiute. (www.capstrans.com)
Industrail Relations
Industrail relations in the country are harmonious with minimal trade disputes. Malaysia’s Labor laws safeguard the interests and spell out the rights and responsibilities of employers and employees, thus providing a legal framework for the orderely conduct of industrail relations in the country. (www.capstrans.com)
Infrastructure
Network of Highways
Malaysia has one of the finest road systems in Asia covering 6,445 km. The 848 km expressway links major industrial areas and urban centers of the country. The East-West Highway serves as part of the Asian Highway System linking Thailand with Malaysia. The development of road infrastructure and the Network of highways gave a boost in the income levels. In 1, there were 5.4 million motor vehicles of which 8.6% were motorcars, 54.8% motorcycles and 6.6% goods vehicles. This increased by 50.5% to reach 8.1 million motor vehicles in 17, with motorcycles accounting for 5% of the total, followed by motorcars 40% and goods vehicles 7%. The number of motor vehicles per 100 populations, which is an indicator of the quality of life of the population, increased from 7.6 in 1 to 7.6 in 17. In 1 there was a 6.5 million rail passenger traffic, which by 17 reduced to 5.4 million. How ever there was an increase in air passenger from .8 million in 1 to 0.5 million in 17. (www.northport.com)
http//www.combinet.net/wldecnmy/Nov/recent.html
http//www.capstrans.edu.au/apec_report/_Malaysia.html
Efficient Seaport
The international trade in Malaysia is a sea borne trade. 5 % of the countries trade is by the seven international ports � Penang Port, port clang, Johor port, port of tanjung pelepas, kuantanport, and kemaman port in peninsular Malaysia and Bintulu port in Sarawak.
THE cargo arm of Malaysia Airlines has introduced a three-letter code for seven seaports around the country to enhance efficiency in the movement of the goods. The ports involved in the procedure are Kuching, Kuantan, Penang, the Port of Tanjung Pelepas (PTP), Bintulu, Kota Kinabalu and Pasir Gudang. The International Air Transport Association (IATA) as a point of origin recognizes the three-letter code, which displays the abbreviated port of destination on e-way bills. Currently, it is only implemented in Port Klang under the abbreviated name of XPQ. With the confirmation, the seven ports will join Port Klang as a known destination for forwarders in the air and shipping industries. “Kuantan Port is well-known for being a chemical hub in the region. If they were to be a point of destination, it will open up many possibilities for the country. Malaysia may well be the point of origin for all sea-air links in Asean,” Malaysia Airlines senior general manager (cargo) Ong Jyh Jong. (www.northport.com)
International Airports
Malaysia has five International airports, including those at Kuala Lumpur, George Town and Kota Kinabalu and Sepang along with 15 Domestic airports and STOL Ports. Recognized as leader in multisystem integration Malaysian airport Technologies focus on quality has been unwavering. (ww0.malaysiamanufacturers.com)
Projects under the 8th Malaysia Plan are as follows
Project Status Completion
New Tawau Airport, Sabah Completed 1 May 001
New Bintulu Airport, Sarawak In Progress September 00
New Limbang Airport, Sarawak In Progress May 00
Upgrading of Sibu Airport, Sarawak Planned -
Upgrading of Miri Airport, Sarawak Planned -
Upgrading of Alor Setar Airport, Kedah Planned -
Upgrading of Rural Airstrips - BaKelalan, Long Seridan, Long Lelang, Long Banga, Sarawak Completed 001
Perlis Air Strip (Microflight Aircraft) Planned -
Source http//www.mot.gov.my/english/Division.asp?div=100
High Tech Telecommunication
Malaysia has one of the most modern telecommunication systems in the Southeast Asia. Apart from the telephone service the department provides Telegraph and Telex services and facilitates communication for Broadcasting, civil Aviation, Police, Customs and fisheries. The telecommunication system is supported by microwave trunk telephone network linking all the cities. Communication between Peninsula Malaysia and Sabah and Sarawak are via satellite and the troposcatter system and by submarine cable enabling the operation of nationwide Subscriber Trunk Dialing (STD) and the expansion of television broadcasting services throughout the country.
Introduction of Industrial Parks
Industries in Malaysia are spread over 00 industrial estates or parks and 14 Free Industrial Zones (FIZs), which are developed throughout the country. These sites are fully equipped with infrastructure facilities such as roads, electricity and water supplies, and telecommunications, are continuously being developed by state governments as well as private developers to meet demand.
FIZs are export-processing zones, which have been designed to cater to the needs of export-oriented industries basically for manufacturing and trading establishments that export 80 to 100 percent of their products. Companies in FIZs are allowed duty free imports of raw materials, components, parts, machinery and equipment directly required in the manufacturing process, as well as in the export of their finished products. In areas where FIZs are not available, companies can set up Licensed Manufacturing Warehouses (LMWs), which are accorded facilities similar to those enjoyed by establishments in FIZs. (ww0.malaysiamanufacturers.com)
Introduction of Specialized parks
Malaysia has developed specialized parks to cater to the needs of specific industries. Such as the Technology Park Malaysia in Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur and the Kulim Hi-Tech Park in the northern state of Kedah which cater to technology-intensive industries and R&D activities. The sprawling 1,450-hectare (,580-acre) Kulim Hi-Tech Park is the countrys first fully integrated high technology industrial park. The parks master plan emphasizes on quality of life in a self-contained environment, which incorporates industries, R&D facilities, and a new township with full amenities such as a shopping center, a hospital, educational institutions and recreational facilities. The first phase of its industrial zone covering 50 hectares (60 acres) has been fully leased, and tenants have started moving into the second phase. According to Kulim Technology Park Corporation (KTPC), the developer and manager of the park, a total investment attracted to the park has exceeded RM14 billion (US$.7 billion). (ww0.malaysiamanufacturers.com)
http//ww0.malaysiamanufacturers.com/profitcentre/infrastructure.html#Airports
Business Environment
Malaysia has a mixed economy, comprising of an active private sector of multinational and indigenous businesses and a public sector with extensive involvement in business. The private sector in Malaysia is expected to play a dominant role in the country’s economy and in assisting the country to achieve the status of an industrialized nation by the year 00.
A market oriented economy and government policies that provide business with the opportunity for growth and profits have made Malaysia a highly competitive manufacturing and export base. The biggest advantage of Malaysia is the pool on young, educated trainable workforce. The use of English in Malaysia facilitates your communication with local personnel and suppliers. The country practices the British accounting system, which is acceptable to most international companies.
Framework of the Industry
The industry falls into three broad categories.
1. Indigenous small business, which are once largely concentrated in light industry as well as in wholesale and retail distribution and trading, have successfully moved towards small and medium scale industries (SMIs) through the governments umbrella strategy.
. Large Malaysian corporations, many of which are listed on Kuala Lumpur Stock Exchange. The shareholders in these companies are largely institutional, with significant proportions held by government trust agencies.
. Local operations of multinationals, most of which are majority owned by their foreign parent corporation.
Chamber of commerce and industry
Newcomers to Malaysia’s business environment will feel at home with presence of various chambers of commerce and trade associations made up of investors from different countries. These organizations are invaluable sources for general business information, advice assistance, and compliment the role of government agencies. The major ones are
1. The Malaysian international chamber of commerce and Industry. (MICCI)
. Federation of Malaysian manufacturers (FMM)
. The Japanese chamber of trade and industry (JACTIM)
4. American � Malaysian chamber of commerce (AMCHAM)
Besides several trade associations such as the Malaysian � American electronics industry (MAEI) Group.
Banking and Finance
A well-developed financial and banking sector has enhanced Malaysia’s position as a dynamic export base in Asia. Sophisticated financial facilities are available through domestic and foreign commercial Banks. There are 7 licensed commercial banks in operation. Other financial institutions include merchant banks, retail finance and leasing companies, discount houses, development finance houses and the agricultural bank. The country’s law restricts ownership of banks and financial institutions.
Islamic Banking
As an alternative system, Malaysia offers Islamic banking, which is based on the concept of profit sharing as opposed to the use of interest in the conventional banking system. commercial banks, 18 finance companies and merchant banks were given approval for interest free banking in the year 14.
The central bank has embarked on a plan to develop Malaysia as a regional Islamic financial center. It has formed a consultative committee on Islamic banking in January 16 to serve as a think-tank group to develop strategies and proposals to map out the future directions on Islamic banking.
Specialized Financial Institutions
Malaysia has 40 finance companies, operating through 860 offices, which accepts retail deposits and provide financing for installments (Hire � Purchase) and leasing transactions and housing loans. 156 registered leasing companies serving mainly the industrial sector supplement the services of finance companies.
Source Doing Business In Malaysia � The price water house in Malaysia 16
Joint Ventures Partnerships and sole proprietorships
In addition to business activities conducted by companies, business may be carried on in Malaysia by a partnership or sole proprietorship. A partnership may consist of individuals or companies or a combination of both, but no more than 0 partners if it carries on a business for gain. An exception is made for partnerships in certain professions that have been specifically proclaimed to be excluded from the rule of membership limit. Partnership or sole proprietorship may be registered under the business registration act. Foreign investments do not commonly take for of sole proprietorships.
There is no specific statute that regulates joint ventures or defines the rights and obligations of the parties to the venture. A joint venture can take the form of a partnership, or it may be incorporated.
Restrictions On Foreign Investment
Malaysia recognizes its lack of experience and know-how in many fields of industrial endeavor and the valuable contribution that can be made in economic and industrial development by foreign industrialists. How ever the need for foreign technology and capital must be balanced against the ownership targets of the national development plan. In 11 the NDP replaced the New Economic Policy (NEP), sets out the guidelines and objectives of the governments policies on t he distribution of ownership and participation in the commercial and industrial sectors. The industrial act 175 requires all manufacturing companies to apply to the Malaysian industrial Development Authority (MIDA), an agency of Ministry Of International Trade and Industry, for permission to commerce or expand operations.
This act sets provides for the issue of manufacturing licenses, sets out conditions for BUMIPUTRA and other Malaysian participants.
Some of the conditions are
1. No equity will be imposed on companies that will export 80 percent or more of their production.
. For projects exporting between 51 and 7 percent of their production, foreign equity ownership of 7 percent may be allowed.
. For projects exporting between 0 and 50 percent of their production, foreign equity ownership between 0 to 50 percent will be allowed.
4. Projects less than 0 percent of their production, foreign equity of ownership 0 percent will be allowed.
Quality of life in Malaysia
Malaysia is one of the most friendly and hospitable countries in the world to live in and do business or work. Foreigners coming to this country to do business will not only have hospitable conditions for business, but also can enjoy the modern day facilities like very good living conditions, state of art healthcare and medical conditions, world class educational institutions, and also un surpassing recreational and sports facilities. The cost of such facilities in country like Malaysia is far less than in any of the western country or developed countries. The country is generally warm throughout the year with temperatures ranging from 1° to ° Celsius in the lowlands. This can however be as low as 16° Celsius in the highlands. (geographia.com/Malaysia)
Malaysia reflects different cultural traditions, including those of China, India, the Middle East, Europe, and the entire Malay Archipelago. Early Malay empires absorbed Indian influences, such as Hindu epics and the Sanskrit language. The kingdom of Malacca, centered in the present-day state of Melaka, developed as an Islamic state, or sultanate, in the 1400s. Later, new cultural influences from Europe and China mixed with Hindu and Islamic traditions.
A collective but distinctively Malay cultural pattern has emerged out of all these influences, with artistic expressions in literature, music, dance, and art forms. With such a mix of cultures, most Malaysians can speak two to three languages. Their mother tongue, Malay being the national language is spoken by almost everyone, and English (Mapzones.com).
http//www.geographia.com/malaysia/
Housing
There are several options for living in Malaysia - bungalows or freestanding homes, condominiums (apartments with extra facilities) and apartments (usually with limited facilities). Recently built condominiums in good areas include most of the following - pool, gym, lifts, 4-hour security service, adequate parking, convenience store and landscape gardens. Kuala Lumpur is no different from any other city in the world; location and facilities are all important. There are few natural attractions that make certain areas better for living - being inland, for example, there are no beach-side locations near to the city. The dress circle areas therefore tend to be based upon location with proximity to the CBD, all-important. Other popular upmarket suburbs have long been established and are very well equipped with plenty of amenities. Some indication of monthly rents in Kuala Lumpur. Modern, three-bedroom condominium, ,100 sq. feet in Bangsar - RM7, 500 and a two-bedroom condominium, 1,00 sq. feet in Bangsar - RM, 000. Semi-detached house in central area, RM4,000 to RM6,000 and detached house, central location and pool - RM,000 to RM15,000. By international standards, Malaysian housing is cheap. (expatkl.com)
Education
Education is free and compulsory for children between the ages of 6 and 16, and an additional two years of free education are optional. In 17, 101 percent of Malaysian children attended primary school. Parents may choose between Bahasa Malaysia, Chinese, or Tamil as the language of instruction for their primary-school children. Bahasa Malaysia is the primary language of instruction in all secondary schools, although continued learning in Chinese and Tamil is available and English is a compulsory second language. Enrollment in secondary education was 64 percent in 17. Malaysia has a number of institutions of higher education, including nine universities.
Universities include the National University, in Bangi; the University of Technology, in Johor Baharu; and the University of Malaya, in Kuala Lumpur. Local school curricula are taught in Bahasa Malaysia (national language), Chinese, English or Tamil. There are international schools that use British, Japanese, Indonesian, American, Australian and French curricula. International schools come with a cost but the standards and facilities are high. The International schools are located in Bukit Kiara, Kuala Lumpur, Ampang, and labuana. (Mapzones.com, expatkl.com)
http//www.mapzones.com/world/asia/malaysia/cultureindex.php
http//www.mapzones.com/world/asia/malaysia/educationindex.php
http//www.expatkl.com/housing1.php
http//www.expatkl.com/education.php
Shopping
Malaysia is a shopper’s paradise. There is a wide range of shopping establishments and modern air-conditioned shopping malls, department stores, handicraft centers, bazaars and night markets. Night markets or pasar malam begin their trading activities in the late afternoon. These open-air markets feature hawker stalls that sell a variety of local produce, foodstuff, clothing, traditional medicine vendors and cakes. Bargaining is a common practice. Bukit Bintang area is the oldest shopping center. This place has local and international goods such as clothes, fashion accessories, footwear, sports goods, electrical equipment, pharmaceutical products, computers and furniture.
Exploring Malaysias outdoor markets is pure adventure (and of course one can take home whatever they hunt - or bargain - down). The variety of bargain items that can be found in the major markets is endless, ranging from quality electronics to blowguns to traditional arts and crafts. Currently, the dollar goes a long way in Malaysia. (planetgypsy.com, geographia.com)
Lifestyle
Life in Malaysia is adventure. It offers an exceptional lifestyle especially for the people who love the outdoors. You can spend many exciting weekends at some of the beautiful places in Malaysia. There are clubs for almost any interest i.e. yachting and martial arts; and most daily newspapers often list the clubs and contact numbers for their activities. Most large national groups of expats have associations. Membership for expats are also offered by exclusive where they are assured of basic amenities like swimming pool, tennis / squash / badminton courts, pool tables, and some have their own golf courses or are at least affiliated to one. Because of its myriad cultural influences, Malaysia is renown for its creative, complex, and lovingly prepared original cuisine. Food is taken very seriously here, from the five-star restaurants right down to the hawkers booths. Sauces tend to be highly developed, often incorporating local fruits and spices, and the seafood dishes are what youd expect from a country almost entirely surrounded by ocean. (geographia.com, planetgypsy.com)
http//www.planetgypsy.com/destinations/malaysia/shopping.html
http//www.geographia.com/malaysia/cuisine.html
Risk Factors
Short-term risk event
The growing influences of conservative Islam in Malaysia risks undermining the country’s image abroad as a progressive Islamic state as well as constraining domestic economic development. (home.aigonline.com)
Political risk
The delayed departure of the Prime Minister, Mahathir Mohamad, from politics is proving destabilizing. Although Abdullah Badawi, the deputy president, has been appointed as his successor, uncertainty about policy continuity and speculation about the changing locus of political power will persist. (home.aigonline.com)
Economic outlook
The economy in 00-04 will expand more rapidly than in 00, when growth was an estimated .8%. A fiscal stimulus package is expected to help offset soft domestic and external demand in the early part of the year. The current account will remain in healthy surplus; foreign-exchange reserves will continue to rise. The currency is expected to remain pegged to the US dollar, although the Economist Intelligence Unit expects a shift away from the peg in late-004 as the US currency strengthens. (home.aigonline.com)
Debt outlook
The government will accumulate more foreign debt to finance its fiscal stimulus package, but debt servicing will remain manageable. (home.aigonline.com)
Policy Issues
Following the Asian economic and financial crisis in mid-17, the government abandoned its tight monetary and fiscal policies and adopted an expansionary strategy to revive the economy. On September 1st 18 the government introduced wide-ranging capital controls to gain greater flexibility in lowering interest rates, and pegged the ringgit at M$.80US$1. Since February 1 the government has eased most of these controls. The stimulative fiscal and monetary stance has remained basically unchanged since the 17-8 crisis. The government remains committed to the fixed exchange rate, and the weakness of the US currency has eased pressure for an adjustment of the peg. (home.aigonline.com)
http//home.aigonline.com/country_view/0,4605,157,00.html
Conclusion
Malaysia’s success in attracting the foreign investment in capital-intensive, technology, and knowledge-based projects is the result of many factors. Malaysia with excellent Infrastructure, educated and efficient work force and retaining long-term policies and incentives that provide the confidence to businessmen that their millions of ringgit worth of investments would not be wasted due to change of policies after a change in government.
Malaysia’s location also makes it a logical choice for foreign corporations seeking to establish operational headquarters in the ASIAN region.
Appendix
Key Economic Indicators
1 000 001
Population .7 million . million 4.4 million
GDP RM1.8billion RM0.billion RM10 billion
GDP growth rate 5.8% 8.5% 0.%
Per capita income US$,8 US$,516 US$,000
Inflation rate .8% 1.6% 1.5%
Labor force . million .6 million . million
Unemployment rate .4% .1% .7%
Total exports f.o.b US$ 8.billion 8.1billion 4.4billion
Total imports f.o.b US$ 61.billion 77.billion 76.billion
Major Export’s electronic equipment, petroleum and liquefied natural gas, wood and wood products, palm oil, rubber, textiles, chemicals
Major Import’s electronics, machinery, petroleum products, plastics, vehicles, iron and steel and iron and steel products, chemicals
Source cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook, Bank Negara Malaysia Annual report 000.
References
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http//www.planetgypsy.com/destinations/malaysia/history.html
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http//www.planetgypsy.com/destinations/malaysia/shopping.html
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http//www.dfat.gov.au/geo/malaysia/malaysia_brief.html#pol
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http//www.combinet.net/wldecnmy/Nov/recent.html
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http//www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/my.htm
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http//www.geographia.com/malaysia/
http//www.geographia.com/malaysia/cuisine.html
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http//www.mapzones.com/world/asia/malaysia/cultureindex.php
http//www.mapzones.com/world/asia/malaysia/educationindex.php
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http//www.expatkl.com/children.php
http//www.expatkl.com/housing1.php
http//www.expatkl.com/education.php
WWW.home.aigonline.com
http//home.aigonline.com/country_view/0,4605,157,00.html
Mind that the sample papers like investment and business oppoetunities in malaysia presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Wednesday 15 August 2012
quality
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like quality even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like quality in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Qualities The Classical perspective was set in the ninetieth and early twentieth century. The Classical perspective has three main categories which are Scientific management, bureaucracy and administrative principles which try to improve operations, organization structure and general practice.
Scientific Management focuses on operations and how to improve an organization. There are six key ideas which relates to scientific management which are observation, experiment, standardization, selection and training, payment by results and cooperation. These six key ideas came from Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-115) which he believed to improve employee’s work attitude.
Administrative this approach focuses on the whole business. Henri Fayol (1841-15) a French mining engineering introduced the fourteen principles of management here are four examples management roles which are Unity of Command, Division of work, Unity of direction and Scalar chain.
These headings try to enforce management in different areas, operations, organizational structure and general process of management in classical perspective.
Humanistic perspective “A management perspective that emerged around the late nineteenth century that emphasized understanding human behavior, needs, and attitude in the workplace”. (Understanding management 4th edition) There are three factors based on humanistic perspective which are human relation movement, the human resource perspective and the behavioral approach.
The human relation movement was introduced in the 185 when electricity was poor. By 10 electricity had improve but electric companies wanted to increase light to improve productivity. The Hawthorne studies begun in 14 at the Hawthorne plant of western Electric Company, where they did a number of experiments to demonstrate there argument. They found out that money did matter to employees because it got them to motivate. Also they found out that if managers treated them well the employee perform much better.
The Human Resource perspective is to meet higher level to get employees to reach there greatest potential to avoid lack of motivation. Douglas McGregor came up of the idea of two theories, theory X and theory Y. The theory X is based on classical perspective where employees put ideas together which did not go far enough. This make employees avoid there work and dislike it. Theory Y approach is more improved it allows employees to take more responsibility and exercise there self-direction and organize goals when they have chance. Today a few companies use theory X instead they use theory Y.
Finally Behavior Sciences (OB) is the study of employee’s behavior using scientific methods to find out what motivates employees. It obtains sociology, psychology, anthropology and economics. Gap is an example which uses behavior science approach when they train new managers to motivate there employees.
Management Science Perspective during World War II management came under a lot of changes. There were a lot of complex problems presented through managerial decision makers related to global warfare. Scientists and Mathematics was used to solve problems like moving vast amounts of weapons, equipment and large number of people. That’s why usually large organisations tend to have successful solutions. There are three aspects in management science such as operations research (OR), operations management and information technology (IT). Operation research consists of Mathematics which is used if there was a problem then it can interpret and carry out into management. Operation management is a field of management that focuses on in the physical manufacture of goods and services. It has a wide range of management techniques like forecasting, stock control and queue management. Information technology (IT) is the most recent tool used by managers. IT systems give you accurate information in a short time in a cost-efficient method. Also managers can use to help them estimate costs, project management and plan.
Bureaucracy approach is looking at the problem as a whole in managing. Max Weber (1864-10) a German theorist is good example of Bureaucracy he developed six elements which are division of labour, organization of position into hierarchy, people are assigned to positions, the management and ownership and all are subject to rules and procedures.
Mind that the sample papers like quality presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Qualities The Classical perspective was set in the ninetieth and early twentieth century. The Classical perspective has three main categories which are Scientific management, bureaucracy and administrative principles which try to improve operations, organization structure and general practice.
Scientific Management focuses on operations and how to improve an organization. There are six key ideas which relates to scientific management which are observation, experiment, standardization, selection and training, payment by results and cooperation. These six key ideas came from Frederick Winslow Taylor (1856-115) which he believed to improve employee’s work attitude.
Administrative this approach focuses on the whole business. Henri Fayol (1841-15) a French mining engineering introduced the fourteen principles of management here are four examples management roles which are Unity of Command, Division of work, Unity of direction and Scalar chain.
These headings try to enforce management in different areas, operations, organizational structure and general process of management in classical perspective.
Humanistic perspective “A management perspective that emerged around the late nineteenth century that emphasized understanding human behavior, needs, and attitude in the workplace”. (Understanding management 4th edition) There are three factors based on humanistic perspective which are human relation movement, the human resource perspective and the behavioral approach.
The human relation movement was introduced in the 185 when electricity was poor. By 10 electricity had improve but electric companies wanted to increase light to improve productivity. The Hawthorne studies begun in 14 at the Hawthorne plant of western Electric Company, where they did a number of experiments to demonstrate there argument. They found out that money did matter to employees because it got them to motivate. Also they found out that if managers treated them well the employee perform much better.
The Human Resource perspective is to meet higher level to get employees to reach there greatest potential to avoid lack of motivation. Douglas McGregor came up of the idea of two theories, theory X and theory Y. The theory X is based on classical perspective where employees put ideas together which did not go far enough. This make employees avoid there work and dislike it. Theory Y approach is more improved it allows employees to take more responsibility and exercise there self-direction and organize goals when they have chance. Today a few companies use theory X instead they use theory Y.
Finally Behavior Sciences (OB) is the study of employee’s behavior using scientific methods to find out what motivates employees. It obtains sociology, psychology, anthropology and economics. Gap is an example which uses behavior science approach when they train new managers to motivate there employees.
Management Science Perspective during World War II management came under a lot of changes. There were a lot of complex problems presented through managerial decision makers related to global warfare. Scientists and Mathematics was used to solve problems like moving vast amounts of weapons, equipment and large number of people. That’s why usually large organisations tend to have successful solutions. There are three aspects in management science such as operations research (OR), operations management and information technology (IT). Operation research consists of Mathematics which is used if there was a problem then it can interpret and carry out into management. Operation management is a field of management that focuses on in the physical manufacture of goods and services. It has a wide range of management techniques like forecasting, stock control and queue management. Information technology (IT) is the most recent tool used by managers. IT systems give you accurate information in a short time in a cost-efficient method. Also managers can use to help them estimate costs, project management and plan.
Bureaucracy approach is looking at the problem as a whole in managing. Max Weber (1864-10) a German theorist is good example of Bureaucracy he developed six elements which are division of labour, organization of position into hierarchy, people are assigned to positions, the management and ownership and all are subject to rules and procedures.
Mind that the sample papers like quality presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Tuesday 14 August 2012
AidsRide
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like AidsRide even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like AidsRide in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
One of the more impacting experiences that I have been through recently has been my preparations and participation in the 00 Northeast AIDS Ride. The preparations allowed me to make a statement to friends, family and co-workers that I wanted to make a difference in the fight against AIDS. Preparations for the AIDS Ride did not only include securing sponsors and financial backing but also most importantly included preparing my body mentally and physically for the rigors of a 15 mile multi-day cycling tour.
The physical and mental preparations were very daunting and challenged me to the fullest. However, it allowed me to develop my physical strength and mental drive to reach my goal of raising money and completing this cycling tour. Eight months prior to the race I started cycling a couple of miles on a daily basis. This was a big adjustment because prior to this, I rarely went cycling at all and only on a leisurely pace. After a a week or so the strain on my body was so great that I questioned whether I would be able to actually be in position to go on this tour. I contemplated quitting but decided that I needed to focus on the fact that by completing the AIDS Ride I would be helping a cause that has affected me both directly and indirectly. My uncle was inflicted with HIV through a blood transfusion and later died and I also have friends that were inflicted as
well. I pushed harder and within a month I was increasing the distance I cycled everyday. Not only was I feeling more fit physically my mental drive and stamina increased dramatically.
With the Aids Ride quickly approaching and my physically conditioning going well, my main concern was then getting people to sponsor my ride. While it was a very difficult task, I enjoyed talking with other people about what I was set to accomplish on this ride and talking to people about the push to find a cure for AIDS. Doing all of this also reinforced my feelings on AIDS awareness and that we as a society should do what we can to find a cure to this dreaded disease.
With the fund raising and conditioning behind now I was now all set to begin the 00 Northeast AIDS Ride. Prior to starting the tour on the first day, I was very nervous that after all the months of preparation that something would go wrong. However after starting with all the fellow cyclists I felt a great sense of pride that gave me the drive to push forward on all of the days or the cycling tour. When I crossed the finish line in Boston, I felt such a sense of accomplishment that after all of the challenges and hardships I had finally achieved my goal of completing the Northeast Aids Ride and furthering the drive toward a cure for AIDS.
Mind that the sample papers like AidsRide presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
One of the more impacting experiences that I have been through recently has been my preparations and participation in the 00 Northeast AIDS Ride. The preparations allowed me to make a statement to friends, family and co-workers that I wanted to make a difference in the fight against AIDS. Preparations for the AIDS Ride did not only include securing sponsors and financial backing but also most importantly included preparing my body mentally and physically for the rigors of a 15 mile multi-day cycling tour.
The physical and mental preparations were very daunting and challenged me to the fullest. However, it allowed me to develop my physical strength and mental drive to reach my goal of raising money and completing this cycling tour. Eight months prior to the race I started cycling a couple of miles on a daily basis. This was a big adjustment because prior to this, I rarely went cycling at all and only on a leisurely pace. After a a week or so the strain on my body was so great that I questioned whether I would be able to actually be in position to go on this tour. I contemplated quitting but decided that I needed to focus on the fact that by completing the AIDS Ride I would be helping a cause that has affected me both directly and indirectly. My uncle was inflicted with HIV through a blood transfusion and later died and I also have friends that were inflicted as
well. I pushed harder and within a month I was increasing the distance I cycled everyday. Not only was I feeling more fit physically my mental drive and stamina increased dramatically.
With the Aids Ride quickly approaching and my physically conditioning going well, my main concern was then getting people to sponsor my ride. While it was a very difficult task, I enjoyed talking with other people about what I was set to accomplish on this ride and talking to people about the push to find a cure for AIDS. Doing all of this also reinforced my feelings on AIDS awareness and that we as a society should do what we can to find a cure to this dreaded disease.
With the fund raising and conditioning behind now I was now all set to begin the 00 Northeast AIDS Ride. Prior to starting the tour on the first day, I was very nervous that after all the months of preparation that something would go wrong. However after starting with all the fellow cyclists I felt a great sense of pride that gave me the drive to push forward on all of the days or the cycling tour. When I crossed the finish line in Boston, I felt such a sense of accomplishment that after all of the challenges and hardships I had finally achieved my goal of completing the Northeast Aids Ride and furthering the drive toward a cure for AIDS.
Mind that the sample papers like AidsRide presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Monday 13 August 2012
America in Horror
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like America in Horror even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like America in Horror in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
America in Horror
Tuesday September 11,001, was supposed to be a normal day as usual in New York City (A city that never sleeps). Kids going to school and other going to work etc. All of a sudden America got a wake up call. New York was under attacked by two hijacked commercial airliners that collided and crashed in the two World Trades Centre buildings killing over thousand of people including passengers in the plane when both twin towers collapses to rubble. It was terrifying watching people jumped out the window to their death, crying for help and watching them died in agony. “America will never be the same.”
Later that day there was another attacked about to take place in Washington D.C when a third commercial airliner ran into the Pentagon building. There were about eight hundred people in that building. The officials reported that hundreds are dead including passengers in the flight and some are unaccounted for. A forth plane supposedly targeted to collide onto the Whitehouse instead the plane crashed in Pennsylvania. There weren’t any survivors in that plane.
We don’t understand why these Hijackers (Terrorist) had done such as thing, killing themselves and killing innocent victims. Are they mad? Did they do this for revenge? For their faith or they instructed by head terrorist Bin Laden.
Watching this terrifying tragedy on the news is like watching a movie, but this was real. Planes crashing into the buildings, victims losing their love one, real life hero such as firefighter and police officers risked their own lives to save people inside the building. It was a bit too late to rescue people in the twin towers when the towers collapse unexpectedly, trapping people with the rescuers. No one knows if there are still people trapped alive. In the past days, officials like firefighters, police officers and volunteers helped one other in searched for missing people.
It was a difficult week in the Untied States and Nation Wide. Last Tuesday’s cowardly attacked by the terrorists who killed thousands of innocent men, women and children. The victims will never be forgotten and forgiven. I can pray for the families who lose their love ones in this tragedy.
I believed these terrorist hijackers did this barbaric act for their faith. I didn’t believed any type of God will slaughter innocent human beings for any reason.
I agreed with the President of the United States George W. Bush who encourage us to go back to our normal lives soon as possible and go on with our everyday lives.
God bless America. I will pray for those who lose their lives in this tragedy and hopefully this were not be the beginning of World War .
Mind that the sample papers like America in Horror presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
America in Horror
Tuesday September 11,001, was supposed to be a normal day as usual in New York City (A city that never sleeps). Kids going to school and other going to work etc. All of a sudden America got a wake up call. New York was under attacked by two hijacked commercial airliners that collided and crashed in the two World Trades Centre buildings killing over thousand of people including passengers in the plane when both twin towers collapses to rubble. It was terrifying watching people jumped out the window to their death, crying for help and watching them died in agony. “America will never be the same.”
Later that day there was another attacked about to take place in Washington D.C when a third commercial airliner ran into the Pentagon building. There were about eight hundred people in that building. The officials reported that hundreds are dead including passengers in the flight and some are unaccounted for. A forth plane supposedly targeted to collide onto the Whitehouse instead the plane crashed in Pennsylvania. There weren’t any survivors in that plane.
We don’t understand why these Hijackers (Terrorist) had done such as thing, killing themselves and killing innocent victims. Are they mad? Did they do this for revenge? For their faith or they instructed by head terrorist Bin Laden.
Watching this terrifying tragedy on the news is like watching a movie, but this was real. Planes crashing into the buildings, victims losing their love one, real life hero such as firefighter and police officers risked their own lives to save people inside the building. It was a bit too late to rescue people in the twin towers when the towers collapse unexpectedly, trapping people with the rescuers. No one knows if there are still people trapped alive. In the past days, officials like firefighters, police officers and volunteers helped one other in searched for missing people.
It was a difficult week in the Untied States and Nation Wide. Last Tuesday’s cowardly attacked by the terrorists who killed thousands of innocent men, women and children. The victims will never be forgotten and forgiven. I can pray for the families who lose their love ones in this tragedy.
I believed these terrorist hijackers did this barbaric act for their faith. I didn’t believed any type of God will slaughter innocent human beings for any reason.
I agreed with the President of the United States George W. Bush who encourage us to go back to our normal lives soon as possible and go on with our everyday lives.
God bless America. I will pray for those who lose their lives in this tragedy and hopefully this were not be the beginning of World War .
Mind that the sample papers like America in Horror presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Sunday 12 August 2012
here we are
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like here we are even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like here we are in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
he companys interests to stretch to extravagances such as giving out free drink coupons as a promotional exercise. With oil-cloth banners and streetcar signs, the drink began to sell extremely well.
It is not clear why exactly Pemberton then sold the rights to the Coca-Cola formula - he had developed cancer and it is possible that his morphine addiction was now very serious - but in 1887, Willis Venable and George Lowndes purchased two-thirds of the rights. He told Lowndes I am sick, and I believe I will never get out of this bed. The only thing I have is Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola some day will be a national drink. I want to keep a third interest in it so that my son will always have a living. Little did Pemberton know that his son Charley would be dead from a morphine overdose only six years later.
Pembertons illness worsened, but he remained obsessed with perfecting the Coca-Cola formula. Several times in his dying months he struggled to his laboratory to experiment with a modified cola drink with celery extract. He did not care anything about what he had already accomplished, one of his associates remarked, he wanted something new. On August 16, 1888, John Pemberton passed away. His obituary described him as the oldest druggist of Atlanta and one of her best-known citizens an especially popular gentleman.
Comments
John Pembertons obsessive search for the perfect drink is typical of the inventor and of the early stages of a corporate history. What begins as research becomes a self-sacrificing, heroic, project. One common feature of the great inventor is that they rarely profit themselves from their discoveries.
Due to the poor business sense that Pemberton displayed towards the end of his career, the ownership of his idea was taken away from him, and his wife died a pauper. Little did any of them know that this once obscure patent medicine would one day become a multi-million dollar business, and come to represent the essence of American culture.
Although Coca-Cola Enterprises, established in 186, is a young company, the roots of our business extend back to 18, when the first Coca-Cola bottling operation began. In fact, when the first bottling franchise began operations in 101, it operated under the ownership of Benjamin F. Thomas and James F. Johnston, grandfather of our former Chairman of the Board, Summerfield K. Johnston, Jr.
Though Coca-Cola Enterprises is now the largest soft drink bottler in the world, each of our local bottling operations represent several decades of success in building the strongest brands in the world. Maintaining the local aspect of our business continues to be an integral part of our success.
· 1886 � John Pemberton creates Coca-Cola syrup · 18 � Coca-Cola sold in bottles · 101 � First bottling franchise formed · 18-10 � 7 bottling plants opened · First automatic fillers introduced
· 114 � The Coca-Cola Bottlers Association was formed
· 115 � The contour bottle was developed
· 11 � The first European bottling plant opens in Paris
· Bottlers still delivering by horse or mule drawn drays
· 10� Over 1,000 bottling plants and bottlers now in existence
· 1 � Robert Woodruff becomes president of The Coca-Cola Company
· The use of cartons and coolers took hold
· 1 � The Glascock cooler was invented
· 10 � First official cooler was
found at service stations
· 15 � First standardized coin- operated vending machines in use
· 00-400 independent bottlers existed in U.S.
· A unique selling strategy was employed. Bottlers employ young women to go door to door offering to install wall mounted bottle openers in kitchens, which in turn boosted sales. These women made about 15 calls a day
· 141 - Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Chicago fills 06 bottles per minute
· Carbo-coolers introduced
· 00-400 independent bottlers existed in U.S.
· Portable vending units were introduced
· 15 � King Size version of the contour bottle introduction
· 158 � Coca-Cola Bottling Works of Gary, IN fills 400 bottles per minute
· International expansion of Coca-Cola system gains strength
· 160 � First 1 ounce can � steel, not aluminum � introduced
· 164 � First lift-top cans introduced
· Three new brands debut
TAB, Fresca, Sprite
· First computers added at bottling plants
· 70 independent Coca-Cola franchise ownerships in the U.S.
· Glass bottles still primary package
· 18 � Diet Coke introduced
· 185 � Introduction of New Coke
· Months later, Coca-Cola Classic was reintroduced
· 186 � Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. was formed
· Consolidation reduces number of independent Coca-Cola franchise ownerships in the U.S. to 180
· Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. acquisitions
· 187 � Portions of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas
· 188 � Miami, Florida, Maryland, Delaware and Memphis, Tennessee
11 � Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. and Johnston Coca-Cola Bottling Group merge; Summerfield K. Johnston, Jr. becomes CEO
14 � A PET (polyethylene terephthalate) version of contour bottle launched; such bottles now account for more than half of all CCE volume
17 � Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. initiates a for 1 stock split of the Company’s common shares
1 � Dasani introduced
Fewer than 10 Coca-Cola bottlers exist in the U.S.
Fillers now handle more than 000 cans per minute
00 � Noncarbonated beverages, such as Dasani, PowerAde, and Minute Maid juice drinks, grow to 1% of CCEs total volume.
Fridge Pack introduced, helping consumers keep more 1 oz cans cold in the refrigerator.
Vanilla Coke introduced, becomes the most successful new product in 0 years..
Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. key territory acquisitions
· 1 � First international acquisition the Netherlands
· 16 � Ouachita Coca-Cola Bottling Co., Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana
· 16 � Belgium and France
· 16 � Coke West, in portions of Montana, Wyoming, North and South Dakota, and Minnesota
· 17 � Great Britain
· 17 � Canada and New York
· 18 � Coke Southwest, including portions of Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas
· 001 � July 10, Coca-Cola Enterprises completes the acquisition of Herb Coca-Cola, the third largest United States Coca-Cola bottler, for approximately $1.4 billion. The territory includes portions of 6 states, including the metropolitan areas of Chicago, IL; Milwaukee, WI; Indianapolis, IN; and Rochester,NY. With this acquisition, Coca-Cola Enterprises now sells approximately 80 percent of The Coca-Cola Company’s bottle and can volume in North America
Mind that the sample papers like here we are presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
he companys interests to stretch to extravagances such as giving out free drink coupons as a promotional exercise. With oil-cloth banners and streetcar signs, the drink began to sell extremely well.
It is not clear why exactly Pemberton then sold the rights to the Coca-Cola formula - he had developed cancer and it is possible that his morphine addiction was now very serious - but in 1887, Willis Venable and George Lowndes purchased two-thirds of the rights. He told Lowndes I am sick, and I believe I will never get out of this bed. The only thing I have is Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola some day will be a national drink. I want to keep a third interest in it so that my son will always have a living. Little did Pemberton know that his son Charley would be dead from a morphine overdose only six years later.
Pembertons illness worsened, but he remained obsessed with perfecting the Coca-Cola formula. Several times in his dying months he struggled to his laboratory to experiment with a modified cola drink with celery extract. He did not care anything about what he had already accomplished, one of his associates remarked, he wanted something new. On August 16, 1888, John Pemberton passed away. His obituary described him as the oldest druggist of Atlanta and one of her best-known citizens an especially popular gentleman.
Comments
John Pembertons obsessive search for the perfect drink is typical of the inventor and of the early stages of a corporate history. What begins as research becomes a self-sacrificing, heroic, project. One common feature of the great inventor is that they rarely profit themselves from their discoveries.
Due to the poor business sense that Pemberton displayed towards the end of his career, the ownership of his idea was taken away from him, and his wife died a pauper. Little did any of them know that this once obscure patent medicine would one day become a multi-million dollar business, and come to represent the essence of American culture.
Although Coca-Cola Enterprises, established in 186, is a young company, the roots of our business extend back to 18, when the first Coca-Cola bottling operation began. In fact, when the first bottling franchise began operations in 101, it operated under the ownership of Benjamin F. Thomas and James F. Johnston, grandfather of our former Chairman of the Board, Summerfield K. Johnston, Jr.
Though Coca-Cola Enterprises is now the largest soft drink bottler in the world, each of our local bottling operations represent several decades of success in building the strongest brands in the world. Maintaining the local aspect of our business continues to be an integral part of our success.
· 1886 � John Pemberton creates Coca-Cola syrup · 18 � Coca-Cola sold in bottles · 101 � First bottling franchise formed · 18-10 � 7 bottling plants opened · First automatic fillers introduced
· 114 � The Coca-Cola Bottlers Association was formed
· 115 � The contour bottle was developed
· 11 � The first European bottling plant opens in Paris
· Bottlers still delivering by horse or mule drawn drays
· 10� Over 1,000 bottling plants and bottlers now in existence
· 1 � Robert Woodruff becomes president of The Coca-Cola Company
· The use of cartons and coolers took hold
· 1 � The Glascock cooler was invented
· 10 � First official cooler was
found at service stations
· 15 � First standardized coin- operated vending machines in use
· 00-400 independent bottlers existed in U.S.
· A unique selling strategy was employed. Bottlers employ young women to go door to door offering to install wall mounted bottle openers in kitchens, which in turn boosted sales. These women made about 15 calls a day
· 141 - Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Chicago fills 06 bottles per minute
· Carbo-coolers introduced
· 00-400 independent bottlers existed in U.S.
· Portable vending units were introduced
· 15 � King Size version of the contour bottle introduction
· 158 � Coca-Cola Bottling Works of Gary, IN fills 400 bottles per minute
· International expansion of Coca-Cola system gains strength
· 160 � First 1 ounce can � steel, not aluminum � introduced
· 164 � First lift-top cans introduced
· Three new brands debut
TAB, Fresca, Sprite
· First computers added at bottling plants
· 70 independent Coca-Cola franchise ownerships in the U.S.
· Glass bottles still primary package
· 18 � Diet Coke introduced
· 185 � Introduction of New Coke
· Months later, Coca-Cola Classic was reintroduced
· 186 � Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. was formed
· Consolidation reduces number of independent Coca-Cola franchise ownerships in the U.S. to 180
· Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. acquisitions
· 187 � Portions of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas
· 188 � Miami, Florida, Maryland, Delaware and Memphis, Tennessee
11 � Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. and Johnston Coca-Cola Bottling Group merge; Summerfield K. Johnston, Jr. becomes CEO
14 � A PET (polyethylene terephthalate) version of contour bottle launched; such bottles now account for more than half of all CCE volume
17 � Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. initiates a for 1 stock split of the Company’s common shares
1 � Dasani introduced
Fewer than 10 Coca-Cola bottlers exist in the U.S.
Fillers now handle more than 000 cans per minute
00 � Noncarbonated beverages, such as Dasani, PowerAde, and Minute Maid juice drinks, grow to 1% of CCEs total volume.
Fridge Pack introduced, helping consumers keep more 1 oz cans cold in the refrigerator.
Vanilla Coke introduced, becomes the most successful new product in 0 years..
Coca-Cola Enterprises Inc. key territory acquisitions
· 1 � First international acquisition the Netherlands
· 16 � Ouachita Coca-Cola Bottling Co., Arkansas, Mississippi, and Louisiana
· 16 � Belgium and France
· 16 � Coke West, in portions of Montana, Wyoming, North and South Dakota, and Minnesota
· 17 � Great Britain
· 17 � Canada and New York
· 18 � Coke Southwest, including portions of Colorado, New Mexico, Oklahoma, and Texas
· 001 � July 10, Coca-Cola Enterprises completes the acquisition of Herb Coca-Cola, the third largest United States Coca-Cola bottler, for approximately $1.4 billion. The territory includes portions of 6 states, including the metropolitan areas of Chicago, IL; Milwaukee, WI; Indianapolis, IN; and Rochester,NY. With this acquisition, Coca-Cola Enterprises now sells approximately 80 percent of The Coca-Cola Company’s bottle and can volume in North America
Mind that the sample papers like here we are presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Saturday 11 August 2012
faq ends
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like faq ends even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like faq ends in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
RefDP/nd758 17 Delderfield
Leatherhead
Surrey
KT 8AU
017 78855
14/11/0
Dear Sir
I wish to register a complaint in respect of the appalling standard of service I have received from your company. Having ordered a conservatory on the understanding that it would be delivered within � weeks (the main reason I ordered from your company). I duly paid the deposit on the 0/0/0.
After paying the deposit, delivery was confirmed as 0/10/0 (a week later than requested) and I paid the balance in full on 8/10/0. On Wednesday /10/0 at 5pm I received a telephone call to advise me that it would not be delivered the following day � with no reason or explanation as to why. In anticipation of delivery I had taken a day off work (at a loss of £50) and had arranged for my builder to be on site to start erection on the 1st. I was, as you can imagine, somewhat upset at this situation. Not least because I had made it expressly clear to a Jamie at your works that I would be away from the 01/11/0 � 1/11/0. After numerous telephone calls to your works, most of which I was told I would be called but didn’t receive even the curtsey of a reply. I was eventually told that it would be delivered on the 06/11/0. This entailed making arrangements for someone else to be at the house in my absence. Needless to say it never arrived, a colleague was kept waiting at my address all day without call or explanation. This is totally unsatisfactory service in my opinion. At this moment I have a new kitchen in store, which I am unable to fit until completion of the conservatory and because of these delays my builder doubts he will be able to complete the works before Christmas � this will mean I will be unable to accommodate my family for Christmas and New year.
I look forward to response at your earliest convenience.
Yours Faithfully
Mr D.L. Phipps
Mind that the sample papers like faq ends presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
RefDP/nd758 17 Delderfield
Leatherhead
Surrey
KT 8AU
017 78855
14/11/0
Dear Sir
I wish to register a complaint in respect of the appalling standard of service I have received from your company. Having ordered a conservatory on the understanding that it would be delivered within � weeks (the main reason I ordered from your company). I duly paid the deposit on the 0/0/0.
After paying the deposit, delivery was confirmed as 0/10/0 (a week later than requested) and I paid the balance in full on 8/10/0. On Wednesday /10/0 at 5pm I received a telephone call to advise me that it would not be delivered the following day � with no reason or explanation as to why. In anticipation of delivery I had taken a day off work (at a loss of £50) and had arranged for my builder to be on site to start erection on the 1st. I was, as you can imagine, somewhat upset at this situation. Not least because I had made it expressly clear to a Jamie at your works that I would be away from the 01/11/0 � 1/11/0. After numerous telephone calls to your works, most of which I was told I would be called but didn’t receive even the curtsey of a reply. I was eventually told that it would be delivered on the 06/11/0. This entailed making arrangements for someone else to be at the house in my absence. Needless to say it never arrived, a colleague was kept waiting at my address all day without call or explanation. This is totally unsatisfactory service in my opinion. At this moment I have a new kitchen in store, which I am unable to fit until completion of the conservatory and because of these delays my builder doubts he will be able to complete the works before Christmas � this will mean I will be unable to accommodate my family for Christmas and New year.
I look forward to response at your earliest convenience.
Yours Faithfully
Mr D.L. Phipps
Mind that the sample papers like faq ends presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Friday 10 August 2012
Culture
We are ready to represent the best custom paper writing assistance that can cope with any task like Culture even at the eleventh hour. The matter is that we posses the greatest base of expert writers. Our staff of freelance writers includes approximately 300 experienced writers are at your disposal all year round. They are striving to provide the best ever services to the most desperate students that have already lost the hope for academic success. We offer the range of the most widely required, however, not recommended for college use papers. It is advisable to use our examples like Culture in learning at public-education level. Get prepared and be smart with our best essay samples cheap and fast! Get in touch and we will write excellent custom coursework or essay especially for you.
Malachy recognised the feeling that was currently running through his body. He had felt a similar way before last years sports carnival, his first game of football and more recently at the spelling bee.
Unlike the other students in his class, Miss Simpson’s reminder about the upcoming school play didn’t fill the fourth grader full of excitement. Being the youngest in a successful family, Malachy often worried that he would not be good enough. To make matters worse, Malachy had also noticed that the harder he tried, the worse things turned out. However having put so much time and effort into preparing for the school play, Malachy was determined to make it a success.
Throughout the remainder of the day, all Malachy could think about was the play. Although he knew all his lines, the more he thought about it the more he became certain that he wouldn’t be good enough. Sensing something was not right, Malachy’s good friend Amelie asked whether there was anything she could do to help.
Malachy explained to his grandfather about how he was going to be performing in a school play next week and was worried that he would disappoint his mum and dad. As he did, a big smile came across grandad’s face and he gave out a small chuckle. Like Malachy he had shared a similar concern when he was a child. He remembered his first swimming carnival where he had finished fourth. He was so worried that his parents would be disappointed that he bought the 1st place ribbon off the winner. What Malachy needed to understand which he did now, was that just by participating his parents were going to be proud. They wouldn’t care what happened as long as he had fun.
In the car home, Malachy thought about grandad’s advice. It made sense, his mum and dad were always encouraging him to try new things and
All day he thought about the play and the more he thought about it, the more he began to think that he would During lunch Malachy decided to talk about his fear with his good friends Amelie and Harry. He relayed his fears about the upcoming play and
Spoke to his friends, spoke to his grandfather and even asked his school bus driver. They all gave him the same answer.
Malachy talks about it to other students. Finds out that all children to some degree experience a similar feeling. Amelie’s feels embarrased by her parents and there enthusiasm to record every moment on camera and to invite all her family and all of their friends to anything she does. Harry’s parents were separated and he experienced the disappointment of only one parent turning up. He missed going on the family outings and didn’t like school events because it should be a time when his entire family is there together, not just his mum and dad.
Ends with the school play.
Malachy’s parents and brother were there to watch him perform. Knowing the insecurities?? That his good friends Amelie and Harry shared, he relaxed and enjoyed himself and put on a good performance.
Amelie looked up to see not only her parents, but her grandparents, uncles and aunts in the audience watching and recording this special event on film. Thankful for her family being there supporting her and didn’t feel embarrased.
Harry looked out and saw his mum and dad and it made his night. Later on finds out that his mum had called his dad and on hearing that Harry was going to be in a school play, cancelled everything to ensure that he could make it.
Together the three students of Kangaroo Flat Primary School had realised that whilst their fears were different, they were no different from anyone else in their class. Their parents would continue to love them regardless.
Mind that the sample papers like Culture presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
Malachy recognised the feeling that was currently running through his body. He had felt a similar way before last years sports carnival, his first game of football and more recently at the spelling bee.
Unlike the other students in his class, Miss Simpson’s reminder about the upcoming school play didn’t fill the fourth grader full of excitement. Being the youngest in a successful family, Malachy often worried that he would not be good enough. To make matters worse, Malachy had also noticed that the harder he tried, the worse things turned out. However having put so much time and effort into preparing for the school play, Malachy was determined to make it a success.
Throughout the remainder of the day, all Malachy could think about was the play. Although he knew all his lines, the more he thought about it the more he became certain that he wouldn’t be good enough. Sensing something was not right, Malachy’s good friend Amelie asked whether there was anything she could do to help.
Malachy explained to his grandfather about how he was going to be performing in a school play next week and was worried that he would disappoint his mum and dad. As he did, a big smile came across grandad’s face and he gave out a small chuckle. Like Malachy he had shared a similar concern when he was a child. He remembered his first swimming carnival where he had finished fourth. He was so worried that his parents would be disappointed that he bought the 1st place ribbon off the winner. What Malachy needed to understand which he did now, was that just by participating his parents were going to be proud. They wouldn’t care what happened as long as he had fun.
In the car home, Malachy thought about grandad’s advice. It made sense, his mum and dad were always encouraging him to try new things and
All day he thought about the play and the more he thought about it, the more he began to think that he would During lunch Malachy decided to talk about his fear with his good friends Amelie and Harry. He relayed his fears about the upcoming play and
Spoke to his friends, spoke to his grandfather and even asked his school bus driver. They all gave him the same answer.
Malachy talks about it to other students. Finds out that all children to some degree experience a similar feeling. Amelie’s feels embarrased by her parents and there enthusiasm to record every moment on camera and to invite all her family and all of their friends to anything she does. Harry’s parents were separated and he experienced the disappointment of only one parent turning up. He missed going on the family outings and didn’t like school events because it should be a time when his entire family is there together, not just his mum and dad.
Ends with the school play.
Malachy’s parents and brother were there to watch him perform. Knowing the insecurities?? That his good friends Amelie and Harry shared, he relaxed and enjoyed himself and put on a good performance.
Amelie looked up to see not only her parents, but her grandparents, uncles and aunts in the audience watching and recording this special event on film. Thankful for her family being there supporting her and didn’t feel embarrased.
Harry looked out and saw his mum and dad and it made his night. Later on finds out that his mum had called his dad and on hearing that Harry was going to be in a school play, cancelled everything to ensure that he could make it.
Together the three students of Kangaroo Flat Primary School had realised that whilst their fears were different, they were no different from anyone else in their class. Their parents would continue to love them regardless.
Mind that the sample papers like Culture presented are to be used for review only. In order to warn you and eliminate any plagiarism writing intentions, it is highly recommended not to use the essays in class. In cases you experience difficulties with essay writing in class and for in class use, order original papers with our expert writers. Cheap custom papers can be written from scratch for each customer that entrusts his or her academic success to our writing team. Order your unique assignment from the best custom writing services cheap and fast!
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