Tuesday, 24 April 2012

ðHow important is the use of propaganda in Animal Farm and how effectively is it in consolidating Napoleon’s power?

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Propaganda was very important in the First and Second World War as well as in the Russian Revolution. It meant that the political parties and the government somehow relied on propaganda because it helped them make people believe what they want them to believe so they could recruit men for fighting and also to persuade people on voting for an specific candidate. Propaganda in the dictionary means ‘Something written or spoken with the intention of making people believe what you want them to believe’. That was the main intention of Napoleon and his ‘comrade’ Squealer in the novel Animal Farm.


At the beginning of the novel, Old Major was the one who inspired the rest of the animals to continue ahead with the rebellion. After it, Squealer was in charge of making the propaganda for Napoleon and making the animals believe what Napoleon wants them to believe so every animal would trust him and trusts his decisions, thoughts and ideals. The reason why Squealer was in charge of the propaganda is because he has a great skill with language so he is very capable of persuading the animals on how he is told to say. For example when Squealer gave his famous speech, all the animals listened carefully and agreed on everything he said ‘Day and night we are watching over your welfare. It is for your sake that we drink that milk and eat those apples.’ In the contrary, Napoleon is not such a good speaker and he has not got such a great skill with language so he depends on Squealer for the propaganda. If we compare Squealer with the representation in the Russian Revolution, which is characterized in the novel, we can find out that he represents the massive propaganda that was going on.


In Animal Farm we can see how a totalitarian power takes over Napoleon ruling over everybody. He uses the idea of a real enemy, for example Mr. Jones and also imaginary enemies like Snowball because he was never really against him so he is ‘imaginary’. Napoleon creates threats that are used as a lesson to their comrades so no one could even attempt to think different to Napoleon. A clear example was when Napoleon slaughtered some animals in front of the rest so that they could realize what could happen to them if they do anything to contradict him. This same example is used by Napoleon and Squealer to create propaganda to show who the enemies are and how to get rid of them. For example when Squealer made the animals say some slogans like ‘Death to Humanity!’ or ‘Death to Frederick!’


The totalitarian powers or Autocracies are characteristic of the twentieth century and the propaganda used by them goes ‘side by side’ with terror and fear that the possibility of a traitor that could be against the ideas or decisions created by the leader. It works like an equation horror + fear + terror = pure propaganda, in other words, Squealer. In Animal Farm, he is the one who created fear and horror within the animals, in other words he creates the named ‘Propaganda Through Fear’. Nowadays we can see an autocracy that applies and uses the same technique, Cuba with Fidel Castro ruling. An autocracy not only has the tendency or purpose to eliminate physically the opposers but also eliminates any independent thought even if it does not oppose. This is what propaganda through fear and horror is avoiding and it makes people or in this case animals, to believe a unanimous thought or political party. This contradicts the individualism and what is sacred of a person to be an individual. Exactly this is what Napoleon wanted, to be the greatest and having everybody thinking he is the greatest and also having them at his service.


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We can see that the propaganda in Animal farm is not mentioned as a positive view of the situation, but it is capable to make the animals believe that everything is okay and t6hat they are better than ever because the leadership of Napoleon is the best and that ‘Napoleon is always right’. We know that it is a negative view because Napoleon and Squealer manipulate the rest of the animals by imposing fear and horror within the animals and constant threat to them by creating a ‘Voodoo’ monster that is Mr. Jones. For example, in the Battle of the Cowshed, the animals realized that they could defeat a ‘Voodoo’ monster but what they did not realized was that anther one, much even worse, was being created behind their backs Napoleon, Squealer and the nine fierce-looking dogs. They controlled and manipulated the animals by imposing besides fear and horror a persuasive view that the farm’s situation is better than ever and it is all thanks to the Napoleon’s leadership. All of this happens with propaganda, which the animals do not understand because they are naïve, innocent and some; weak and half-witted like the sheep because they represent the unthinking masses of people. They thought ‘If Napoleon says it, it must be right’. Squealer gives the animals the idea that everything they do, hard work, re-building of the windmill and the ration being cut off is for their own good, benefit and protection.


At the beginning of the novel we could see that Napoleon and Snowball although they were comrades and took over the farm, they had always different opinions and ideas. Because of this, Snowball was kicked out of the farm by the extreme force of the nine fierce-looking dogs that were specially raised by Napoleon and Squealer’s ideas and thoughts. This meant that if anyone dared to think differently or have a personal opinion, those dogs would hunt him or her down like they did with Snowball. And when he was kicked out, Napoleon satirizes him as an imaginary enemy who is a supposed conspirator against the ideals that Napoleon created.


Napoleon made the animals think that he was an excellent leader and he tried to make the animals think of him as a paternal, giving and strong figure. He achieves it by using Squealer as propaganda to tell the animals that he is working very hard for the animals’ own good. This is also used to cover the anxiety and eagerness of having power and control over everything that is hidden under the many things that the propaganda says for him.


In the novel besides being Squealer the one in charge of all the propaganda, there are some other ways in which Napoleon’s power was consolidating and spreading to all the animals. For example, there is the Seven Commandments, which are gradually changed when Napoleon did anything to contradict what it said, for example when it was decided that pigs should sleep in beds, the real commandment said ‘No animal shall ever sleep in a bed’ and they changed to ‘No animal shall ever sleep in a bed with sheets’ so that what Napoleon did was not ‘against the law’. ‘Beasts of England’ and anthem song originally taught to the animals by Old Major is another source or propaganda as well as the poem ‘Comrade Napoleon’ in which the song was replaced into. All of these sources of propaganda helped Napoleon maintain his power and most of all, cut from its roots the possibility of an independent thought.


In conclusion, the message that we can extract from the propaganda in Animal Farm is that we must maintain a critical attitude towards it due to the fact that always is at the service of the power and the power is always at the service of himself. Autocrat leaders are always searching for more power. Innocent and weak people can mislead their original goals and drive themselves to awful situations.





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